tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-87312585776460081352024-03-13T23:13:52.559-07:00Romantic writing paperEssay Topics For 9Th Gradejackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.comBlogger150125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8731258577646008135.post-72411141677154537152020-09-03T00:12:00.001-07:002020-09-03T00:12:10.009-07:00Vietnam War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 wordsVietnam War - Essay Example In U.S. eyes, the Vietnamese were an aloof and ignorant individuals, absolutely unready for self government (Herring, 13). A study of New York Times articles distributed during the First Indochina War uncovered that the U.S. international strategy examination, media and open overwhelmingly focused on the French point of view of the contention. Little consideration was given to the Vietminh point of view or to the viewpoint of the French sponsored legislature of South Vietnam. This perspective proceeded until 1949 when China's respectful war finished and the Communist assumed responsibility for China. Not long after taking control Mao Zedong, the Communist head recognized the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) and the Soviet Union immediately stuck to this same pattern. From that point forward, the U.S. media set a more noteworthy accentuation on Cold War manner of speaking when managing Vietnam. As noticed, the Cold War outlook saturated quite a bit of American culture during this timeframe; it was a period of ideological accord, and this was valid most importantly in international strategy (Hallin, 50). At the finish of the First Indochina War, the U.S. ... From 1957-1961 the U.S. consideration moved vigorously on Vietnam's destiny according to the unrest in Laos and Cambodi just as to the Soviet danger. This discernment overwhelmed the popular assessment, media and U.S. international strategy well into President John F. Kennedy's Administration. THE VIETNAM WAR (1955-1975): ANALYSIS OF EVENTS On August 5, 1964, Congress thought about the Southeast Asia Resolution, generally called the Inlet of Tonkin Resolution (Johnson, 118). Following two days of discussion it passed the Senate by a vote of 88-2 and the House by a reverberating 416-0 (Johnson, 118). It was a goals to purposely permit the United States a wide hand in ensuring harmony and security in Southeast Asia. A subsequent segment attested that harmony and security in southeast Asia was essential to American national security and hence the president, acting as per the Charter of the United Nations and as an individual from the South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), would make every fundamental step, including the utilization of outfitted power, to help part conditions of SEATO with regards to [their] opportunity (Young, 109). At long last, the goals would terminate when the president decided harmony and security had come back to the territory (Young, 109). It could likewise be ended by a resulting congressiona l goals. On March 8, 1965, 3,500 Marines arrived at Da Nang. In May the main United States Army units showed up (Westmoreland, 124). With air assaults against both North and South Vietnam being propelled from bases in the South, runways were a sensible objective for powers from the National Liberation Front, the Communist guerrillas battling against the South Vietnamese, and nobody set a lot of trust in the assurance from the powers of the Army of the Republic jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8731258577646008135.post-29802300879248036812020-08-26T14:55:00.001-07:002020-08-26T14:55:06.395-07:00Why Accounting is highly subjectiveWhy Accounting is profoundly emotional Numerous researchers and scholars have upheld the idea of subjectivity in bookkeeping and have additionally utilized this idea has a contention against scholastics that have an alternate point of view to this conceptâ ¸ who believes bookkeeping to be objective. Morgan contended that bookkeeping/bookkeepers are constructors of the real world, abstract (Morgan, 1988, pg. 477) and they create and speak to circumstances in fiscal summaries with some level of subjectivity and uneven ways. This point of view or belief system was additionally bolstered by Ruth Hines, a source to the improvement of bookkeeping hypothesis, who utilized the idea of reality development to legitimize her view. She accepted that in imparting reality, we develop it (Hines, 1988, pg. 251). Subsequently, bookkeeping is socially built, which implies it is prepared by individuals, people or social orders on the loose. Anyway these were sees that positivists, David Solomons and Rob Bryer didn't bolster. Bryer utilized Marxs hypothesis of work procedure to contend that target bookkeeping lies at the center of entrepreneur control of present day business ventures (Bryer, 2006, pg. 42). Likewise, Solomons had a progressively extreme view by recommending that bookkeepers ought to resemble writers (Solomons, 1991, pg. 287). He clarifies that bookkeepers ought to report the news as it occurs, not manufacture it to be the truth or full image of an occasion; however do we comprehend what the truth is?, how and when do we recognize what the valid and reasonable perspective on an occasion is without having a recorded foundation?, would we be able to depend on it?. These are sees that will likewise be investigated over the span of this assessment. As a matter of first importance, what is bookkeeping? The American Accounting Association characterizes bookkeeping as the way toward recognizing, estimating and imparting monetary data to allow educated decisions and choices by clients regarding the data (Porter Norton, 2009, pg. 11). The historical backdrop of present day bookkeeping goes back to 1494, when Luca Pacioli composed a book on twofold section accounting. During the years that followed, bookkeeping and the bookkeeping calling needed hypothetical information backing them up'(Kyriacou 2010, lecture3, slide8) to diminish equivocalness. Consequently, because of the budgetary outrages during the 1920s that lead to the incredible gloom at that period, GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) was framed in the in the late 1930s to control and manage the bookkeeping. A long time after GAAP was shaped, SSAP2 was framed in 1971 to fill in as a directional device for bookkeeping and the bookkeeping calling with the blend of different ideas and shows: Going, collections, reasonability and consistency, acknowledgment, objectivity, materiality, cash estimation, element and duality. Anyway after the ASB survey, SSAP2 decreased them to four which shaped C.A.P.G (Going, gatherings, consistency and reasonability). SSAP2 likewise settled more approaches on stock, devaluation, resources and so on. In spite of SSAP2s exertion to offer significance to bookkeeping customs, bookkeeping was as yet done dependent on the duality idea since bookkeepers didn't have the foggiest idea why bookkeeping was rehearsed the manner in which it was. Therefore, the thought of a calculated structure was presented by the FASB (Federal Accounting Standards Board), to assemble different thoughts that emerged a very long time after the rise of SSAP2, to give bookkeeping a superior comprehension. At the end of the day, applied system is essentially a major bookkeeping reference book, where you will discover rules, hypotheses, terms and rules that have been drawn together as the years pass by, to shape the bookkeeping calling and offer some looked for of significance to bookkeeping, overall. These Ideas incorporate The Corporate Report 1975, valid and reasonable view, SSAP2, bookkeeping ideas, 1991 Statements of Principle, and so forth. (Mathews Perera, 1996, 23-30). From history, it is apparent that bookkeeping has been molded by various thoughts, pictures and perspectives throughout the years by nations, researchers and the general public on the loose. Thoughts, for example, the True and Fair view; which is a major part in bookkeeping and all gave accounts, the proposal of six extra proclamations in the Corporate Report 1975 and furthermore the discussion among UK and USA on whether it is conceivable to acquire a calculated structure, or put hypotheses on occasions that has just happened subsequently applied system, which was the recommendation from the UK by teacher Macvae. Be that as it may, these thoughts just furnish us with differing stances of bookkeeping rehearses in general. All things considered, it is obvious that bookkeeping is socially developed and abstrac t simply like a craftsman is obliged to deliver a fractional perspective on the truth the person wishes to speak to (Morgan, 1988, pg. 477). Every one of these perspectives, discussions and philosophies were totally built by individuals for individuals for example bookkeeping bodies to bookkeepers, henceforth socially built. For instance, budget reports are developed by a budgetary bookkeeper dependent on their perspective on an organization, to a group of people that are outer. Be that as it may, the perspectives on such bookkeeper probably won't be the full image of the organization monetary position. Because of the false portrayal of the fiscal summaries, the result turns out to be profoundly emotional and moderately a one-sided perception of reality since bookkeepers subjectively consolidate and characterize, and include, and take away things in an alternate route to the regular way (Hines, 1988 pg. 254) While positivists such has Solomons recommends that the origination of lack of bias ,unbiasedness, ought to be central to bookkeeping and that bookkeepers ought to be fair-minded and announcing reality through their eyes, it makes one wonder whether reality can be confirmed or demonstrated? Furthermore, as clients, would it be a good idea for us to rely upon it without knowing why it is done in such manner? That is the motivation behind why unanswered inquiries like the above make phenomenologists like handyman can't help contradicting the thoughts of positivism way to deal with bookkeeping. They accept that individuals for example bookkeepers are not so much autonomous about their feelings and how they see reality in general. Moreover, Hines said that in conveying reality, we build it (Hines, 1988, pg.257) and offer significance to it. Thus, Reality to bookkeepers or in bookkeeping is deciphered diversely to non bookkeepers. This resembles the connection between a rancher and a chic ken. Reality to a rancher is to execute the chicken for Christmas festivity yet for the chicken the truth is experiencing childhood in the homestead and laying eggs. This model subsequently shows that the truth is deciphered in various manners however because of the way that bookkeepers are a gathering with power in the general public like the rancher, their build and make their existence authentic which we at that point need to accept and retain into our own general origination, since they fundamentally yelled the most intense. In any case, as I would see it, I think the truth is out there but since we are restricted to following the perspectives and assessments presented in bookkeeping, we wont have the option to discover reality however rather hold up until something terrible has occurred in the bookkeeping calling simply like the money related emergency and disappointments that occurred in large associations like Lehman Brothers (Swedberg, 2010, 71-114), and question objectivity in bookkeeping. This takes us back to the rancher and chicken outline. Since the chicken is accustomed to doing likewise; wakeup, eat, stroll around, lay eggs and rest ordinarily during the year, such chicken would not recognize what the truth is on the grounds that the chicken is utilized to a similar method of living however when Christmas comes the chicken gets executed. At that point, inquiries will be posed to whether the manner in which the chicken has been living since the start of the year is reality or being executed during Christmas? Enough of my chicken outline and back to my assessment. Moreover monetary disappointments in large associations have made non-bookkeepers increasingly mindful of the noteworthy effect of bookkeeping in their lives and the jobs they play to shape bookkeeping. In this way, because of the issues in the bookkeeping calling, there have been hypothetical systems made to give arrangements and control in the calling. So what is hypothesis? Hypothesis can be characterized as a lot of interrelated builds, definitions and recommendations that present a methodical perspective on a phenomenawith the motivation behind clarifying and anticipating the marvels (Kerlinger, 1964, p.11). Nonetheless, since bookkeeping is a training based calling dissimilar to science, we can contend that applying hypothesis based framework into bookkeeping could be tricky even abstract. This is on the grounds that obtaining information expected to frame speculations, originates from various sources, for example, introspecting, ones observation, memory, confidence, instinct and so forth. Which are all abstract sources. To have the option to gain information, the procedure of acceptance is utilized. The procedure begins from perception, which is the inductive way to deal with build up a law or hypothesis. When the law has been passed, it would then experience the deductive methodology were it would be tried. Anyway there have been banters about how speculations are created. Besides, a few researchers proposed that it is through the inductive methodology and others state it is through the deductive methodology but since key bookkeeping speculations, for example, reasonable worth and deterioration have all been created through the inductive thinking process, it is protected to state that these hypotheses are extremely abstract. Reason being, not all circumstances, occasions or conditions watched are objective; rather they are biased and give a wrong image of what the eyewitness sees. This along these lines repeats Hiness recognition that when we impart reality, we make it (Hines, 1988, p.g 251). Throughout the years, the detectable truth of equivocalness and vulnerability in bookkeeping ideas has been the subject of discussion between bookkeeping analysts. Aside from the idea of reality development and bookkeeping hypothesis arrangement, these discussions have been based on the foundation of budget reports: the valid jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8731258577646008135.post-43067050001411092782020-08-22T17:30:00.001-07:002020-08-22T17:30:36.038-07:00Ancient Peruvian Ceramics Essays - Andean Civilizations, CupisniqueOld Peruvian Ceramics The first stoneware pieces found in Peru were made somewhere close to 1500 and 1000 b.p. The pieces were found in the focal Andean locale where a strict clique lived. This faction was called Chav?n, after the most popular stately focus, Chav?n de Hu?ntar. The strict focus was the home to monstrous sanctuaries that were exceptionally decorated with low help models of divine beings, creatures, and images. The stoneware found in the zone where vessels that were all around made and exceptionally embellished with a comparable theme as the sanctuaries. Yet, the development of Peruvian earthenware turns out to be to some degree befuddling and complex after this first human advancement of potters. There is a division of individuals into the North Coast and the South Coast. The split made two styles of earthenware, albeit comparable, they never fully combine. I am just going to discuss the north coast conventions. On the North coast there are five societies that advance into the prevailing Mochica style, which was one of the most enthusiastic and prosperous societies of Ancient Peru. The following most punctual North Coast style, other than the Chav?n, began with the Cupisnique individuals in the Chicama valley. Their earthenware production firmly looked like those of good country Chav?n. They were very much made and cleaned, however to some degree thick walled and substantial. The kind of terminating utilized created a dull semireduced product that changed from tanish dark to carbon dark in shading. Adornment comprised of striking, curvilinear human, cat, and flying creatures of supplicate heads, eye designs, pelt markings, and other brief images of geometric gadgets. In the valley toward the south of the Cupisnique were the Salinar individuals who at some point during the fifth century b.p. moved into the north shoreline of Peru and spread its impact all through the Cupisnique region. Salinar stoneware, however misleadingly crude in ornamentation, was innovatively better than that of the Cupisnique. Vessels were made of decidedly ready dirts that were completely oxidized in terminating, making them an even orange shading. Cream and red slips were utilized to emphasize sculptural structures and make level geometric examples, however not to draw metaphorical themes. The specialized advances of the controlled oxidation terminating and slip enrichment before long had their impact on contemporary Cupisnique pottery. Personally, I delighted in the container structures they utilized with their twofold tie handles that lead from the shoulder of the structures to the one focal spout. (see figures 1 and 2). This style of vessel appears to proceed consistently. Three different societies in north coast valleys contributed their ceramics style to the over all Cusisnique style that was advancing into the Mochica style. These individuals were the Gallinazo, Recuay, what's more, Vic?s. The Gallinazo developed twofold chamber vessels with whistle spouts what's more, a sort of enrichment called negative beautification where they painted their straightforward plans on after the pieces were terminated. The Recuay additionally had twofold chamber vessels yet these made them work spout and one etched, typically an creature or figure. They additionally utilized negative beautification yet theirs were considerably more expound plans than the Gallinazo vessels. The Vic?s lived in the good countries on the Ecuadorian outskirt. They made exceptionally sculptural vessels with a stirrup handle and focal spout. (see figures 3, 4, and 5) Although a handfull of Vic?s relics have been discovered, not much is thought about these individuals, yet one can see a noticeable association between these various societies and the Mochica style that advanced out of them. The Mochica human advancement thrived for about 1000 years and as time passed slight changes in the style could be seen and are sequentially isolated into Mochica I-V. The initial two are developmental stages with bunches of experimentation. The third focused on a particular workmanship style, which proceeded through the forward and step by step declined in the fifth. They communicated numerous parts of their way of life and day by day life in their earthenware production. Things like warriors, sprinters (individuals who run packs of beans were essential to the stately life), representations, religion, divine beings, and creatures were appeared on vessels. Mochica I was a solid continuation of the late Cupisnique sculptural style. The structures are smaller with little recommendation of activity, and subtleties are regularly rendered in etched lines. Countenances are summed up, however singular personages are separated by outfit and embellishments, and by unmistakable physical characteristics. The style was not detailed. Some slip painting was done and the basic plans were here and there emphasized by etched lines. The structures are like those of the Salinar, yet they here and there utilized the geometric structures of the Recuay. In Mochica II they aced the specialty of slip enrichment and oxidation terminating. The ornamentation jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8731258577646008135.post-76376085377113883022020-08-22T08:34:00.001-07:002020-08-22T08:34:17.053-07:00Passing Places and TrainspottingPassing Places and Transporting. They play I am breaking down Is Passing Places, by Stephen Greenhorn. It is a Scottish play from 1998 which Is set In Motherly. Close by with this, I will likewise examinations the film ââ¬ËTransporting', a film coordinated by Danny Bayle dependent on the novel ââ¬ËTransporting' by Irvine Welsh. First I will concentrate on the shopping center characters In the few works and examinations their advancement all through the play and the film. A short time later I will look at the play and film, and how they each delineate Scotland. In the Scottish play Passing Places, the fundamental characters are the two young men Alex and Brian.Of those two characters, Alex is the person who grows most during the play. To start with he is forceful, irate and extreme, and has only abhor towards his old neighborhood Motherly: ALEX: Look at this spot. Only shoe shops and burger bars. BRIAN: I'm starving. . It shows his sentiment of disappointment with his old neighb orhood, yet additionally with his life. It feels Like he needs to leave Motherly, In request to find what life truly Is. HIS life Is brimming with vacancy, the main relationship he has Is with Brian.Even his relationship with his mum Is poor: ALEX: No. Look. I Just need to leave for some time. Trust me. MUM: About to the extent I could toss you. All through he changes in a superior manner. He figures out how to unwind and finds the better sides of Scotland. He has accomplished a serenity, which maybe is a consequence of his gathering with Mirror. Brian is Ale's closest companion. He is more cunning than Alex, increasingly reasonable and progressively mindful of the ââ¬Å"other sideâ⬠of Scotland. He has a major information on Scotland and isn't reluctant to assault Alex with realities during their ride through Scotland.Just as Alex, he is likewise looking for something other than the dividers of Motherly. He realizes that there are better things, and utilizations the taken sur fboard as n reason to flee from Motherly. On their excursion, he meets individuals who are Just similar to him. From the outset It's Loan, however later It's especially Frank the Shaper, who makes him authenticity that there are others like him. They have made a PC program, yet in addition an entire lifestyle that gives Brian the fulfillment he has been looking for. Grain needs to do the equivalent thing.In the film ââ¬ËTransporting', the principle character is a youthful heroin someone who is addicted living in Elite, called Mark Rent. He has a genuine medication propensity, and resort to shoplifting and negligible robbery because of his joblessness: RENT: Choose your future. Pick lifeâ⬠¦ But for what reason would I need to do a thing like that? I decided not to pick life. I picked something different. What's more, the reasons? There are no reasons. Who needs reasons when you have heroin? 3 Mark really goes to Aberdeen college before the account start, yet dropped out and tr uly hit the medications when his debilitated sibling kicks the bucket In hospital.As an individual he Is extremely fantastic, pained, sharp, and as a watcher no one can tell where you are with him â⬠he never knows where he Is himself. He really figured out how to dispose of his heroin dependent, moved to London to begin another life and working together. In any case, with his old companions. Hence, he closes pop engaging in a medication arrangement and sells 4 kilos of heroin. He at that point escapes with the cash from his ââ¬Å"friendsâ⬠, which Just shows that he has changed into a superior individual and has chosen to pick life, rather than living in the quick lane.Both works portrays the dim sides of Scotland to start with, just to end it up by giving the peruser/watcher a decent impression of Scotland. Every one of them three aren't generally pleased with being Scottish when the story begins: Mark Rent: It's Shiite being Scottish. We're the dregs of society! The rubbi sh of the kicking earth! 4 Mark communicates obviously that he isn't pleased with being Scottish. On the off chance that you take a gander at Alex and Brian, their method of talking and living can be viewed because of the town they have been carried fly to. They are, in a specific way, indifferent about everything.It is unmistakably outlined in scene 29: ALEX: I can't. I can figure it however I can't state it. It's Just It's not part of my language, okay? 5 Alex can't state the word excellent in light of the fact that during his immaturity in Motherly, he hasn't seen any indications of magnificence. The executive uses, particularly Alex, to analysis the advanced huge urban areas. The raises the complexity of magnificence in the scene and offensiveness in the towns. ââ¬ËTransporting' shows a portion of very similar things, UT obviously raises the issue of the rising utilization of medications in Scotland, principally in the bigger cities.In the film and play the same, the primary characters experience a positive turn of events. They go from being grieved and upset in the huge urban communities of Scotland, to better people when they leave the places where they grew up. Both the sentiment of being Scottish and the Scottish society are reprimanded. As a peruser, you get the feeling that the Scottish society is loaded up with ill-advised practices and a rising medication misuse. So as to find the excellence of Scotland or to live, you need to move to scenes or significantly another nation. jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8731258577646008135.post-75049286409393201442020-08-21T15:12:00.001-07:002020-08-21T15:12:14.795-07:00Concept of Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsIdea of Marriage - Essay Example Individuals in numerous African nations keep on rehearsing polygamy and as indicated by researchers, occurrences of polygamy or plural marriage are most elevated in West Africa, where Senegal and Ghana have the ââ¬Å"highest level of polygamyâ⬠at somewhere in the range of 30 and half all things considered (Hayase and Liaw 300). Regardless of the insights, on a worldwide scale, the conventional marriage between one man and one lady is the most widely recognized type of marriage. Defenders of conventional marriage contend that marriage is a foundation which has stood the trial of time and is an essential social organization. They accept that marriage between one man and one lady fills an assortment of social needs including the reproduction of kids, the foundation of a ââ¬Å"stable family unit for bringing up childrenâ⬠and the advancement of the family unit. They likewise build up that ââ¬Å"children need both a male and female parent for appropriate developmentâ⬠(Kolasinski 3). Besides, numerous supporters for customary marriage likewise contend that homosexuality isn't right and ought not be energized by society. By presenting the privilege to marriage and the advantages of this association on same-sex couples, they contend that is actually what society is doing. Promoters for gay marriage vehemently contend that it is a social equality issue and since marriage offers certain social advantages, denying gays the option to wed encroaches on their privileges to correspondence. They further contend that marriage isn't characteristically attached to reproduction and point to instances of managed impregnation to demonstrate that lesbian couples can likewise conceive an offspring and back youngsters. It is likewise contended that common associations â⬠in lieu of real marriage â⬠miss the mark regarding the fairness standard and advance the possibility that equivalent sex marriage is both discrete and inconsistent. The Supreme Court in Canada as of late struck down the Marriage Act in light of the fact that it was illegal and comparable difficulties are being made jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8731258577646008135.post-40766400984154331722020-08-21T00:55:00.001-07:002020-08-21T00:55:03.383-07:00SAO to the OCS in the IAB COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions BlogSAO to the OCS in the IAB COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog SIPA, like most organizations, is not immune to acronyms and slang. The title for this entry might sound like a line from a rap song. It would not be uncommon to hear something like the following around our building: After I got out of my SAO appointment I had to drop by OCS to talk about my EPD project and integration of my APEA work. Then I had to get to the penthouse of IAB and for my PMF meeting and you know what thats like during rush hour. To top it all off, the elevator was lit up like a Christmas tree. Translation . . . After I got out of my Student Affairs Office appointment I had to drop by the Office of Career Services to talk about my Economic and Political Development project and integration of my Advanced Policy and Economic Analysis work. Then I had to get to the 15th floor of the International Affairs Building and for my Presidential Management Fellows meeting you know what thats like during the change between classes. To top it all off, every single button in the elevator had been pressed meaning we would have to stop on all floors on the way up. Speaking of OCS, they send out a weekly newsletter and here are just some highlights from the recent edition: OCS Highlights of the Week ⢠Need help funding your internship abroad? Let OCS help you! See page 4 for more details. ⢠Please share your employment news with OCS by using our new Report a Hire feature on SIPAlink. See page 3 for details. Deanâs Breakfast Series: Chris Osborne, CEO of Troika Dialog USA The Deans Office and the Office of Career Services announce the sixth in a series of breakfast and career conversations with prominent professionals. Please join us for breakfast and a career conversation with Mr. Chris Osborne, CEO of Troika Dialog USA, and Dean John Coatsworth on Tuesday, April 20, 2010 from 8:00 to 9:00am in 1501 IAB. Overseas Security and Abduction Prevention (OSAP) Seminar Back by popular demand, the SIPA Office of Career Services presents The MASY Groups Overseas Security and Abduction Prevention (OSAP) Seminar for students of International/Public Affairs, Business and Journalism who are destined for Iraq, Afghanistan and other conflict or high risk areas. Space is limited. The event will take place in the OCS Conference Room on Thursday, April 15, 2010, from 2:00 to 3:00pm.Register on SIPALink and please send a 50 word e-mail statement of need to: jpy2103@columbia.edu by Monday, April 12, 2010. Social Media: Networking to Advance Your Career Topics include: The differences between personal and business social media. Engaging your business network using social media. Business networking net-iquette. Wednesday, May 5, 2010 151 East 25th Street , 7th Floor (between Lexington and 3rd Ave.) Registration 5:00 PM To RSVP: Please go online to www.baruch.edu/spa and click on the event Sponsored by the Baruch College Alumni Relations Office, SPA Alumni Committee, and SPA Career Services Office. SIPASA Happy Hour, Sponsored by OCS SIPASA, OCS and the Alumni Relations Office invite you to your final happy hour on Tuesday, April 20, 2010. Come grab one last drink, network, and share your work experience and your future plans in NYC, DC, and beyond! In preparation for the happy hour, please provide us with any of your past experience and your career plan that you wish to share by completing the form through this link: http://www.sipa.columbia.edu/ALUM/networking Chris Hill MPA Internship Grant SIPASA is pleased to honor the life of former MPA student, Christopher Hill, with a scholarship fund for continuing MPA students undertaking public interest summer internships with government or nonprofit organizations. Christopher died in March 2000, while still studying at SIPA, after a courageous battle with cancer. Christopherâs friends and family created and funded the first year of the scholarship. MPASA fundraised to continue the scholarship in subsequent years. SIPASA took over this scholarship in 2007 with the merger of MPASA into SIPASA. The Dean of SIPA continues to match any funds raised by students for this scholarship. jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8731258577646008135.post-74707343608782087362020-06-05T18:28:00.001-07:002020-06-05T18:28:02.426-07:00Theology and Childrens Literature Understanding The Magicians Nephew - Literature Essay Samples Though written primarily for a young audience, C.S. Lewisââ¬â¢s fiction overflows with Biblical allusion and religious imagery. A Lewis narrative, indeed, becomes a vessel through which he is able to infuse his writing with his own complex theological ideology. This is evident in the events of his childrenââ¬â¢s novel The Magicianââ¬â¢s Nephew; through the use of Biblical parallels woven throughout this work of fiction, Lewis offers a window into his own perceptions of God as well as the nature of evil. Chapter Nine of The Magicianââ¬â¢s Nephew, titled ââ¬Å"The Founding of Narnia,â⬠serves in many ways as an allegory for the creation story found in Genesis. Aslan, who serves as a symbol of God within the world of Narnia, sings creation into life and eventually appoints the Cabby and his wife as the King and Queen of Narniaââ¬âa parallel to the appointment of Adam and Eve as the rulers over the rest of the animals in the world. However, beyond simply outlining parallels between the founding of Narnia and the creation story, Lewis uses these parallels as a way of making rather bold yet subtle claims about the nature of God. Lewis does not simply leave Aslan as the creator; he bestows him with a character that reflects Lewisââ¬â¢s own understanding of who God is. For instance, his selection of the Cabby to rule implies far more than the creation of a generic man to fill the role of Adam; Aslan is illustrating his preference for choosing the humble and the seemingly unq ualified to lead. The Cabby himself acknowledges his seeming incompetence for the rule of king, for he replies to Aslanââ¬â¢s declaration with the remark, ââ¬Å"Begging your pardon, sirâ⬠¦ but I ainââ¬â¢t no sort of chap for a job like that. I never ââ¬Ëad much eddycation, you seeâ⬠(151). This is a clear example of the Christian understanding of Godââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"choosing the weak to lead the strong.â⬠Through this, Lewis is suggesting a God that goes against peopleââ¬â¢s expectations and raises up the humble and meek rather than those that appear to be the best suited for power. As the characters continue to interact with the Lion, Lewis goes on to paint the character of Aslanââ¬âand therefore, the character of Godââ¬âa proponent of forgiveness and redemption. He explains that he has chosen Cabby and his wife as the King and Queen of Narnia because he wishes that, ââ¬Å"as Adamââ¬â¢s race has done the harm, Adamââ¬â¢s race shall help to heal itâ⬠(148). Instead of expelling man from Narnia as the nefarious foreigners who brought evil to a newly created world, he uses them, despite their flaws, to help protect and restore the now broken world. Lewisââ¬â¢s choice to portray Aslan in this way speaks volumes about his own conception of the nature of God. To further this idea, Lewis also strays slightly from the story of Genesis to allow Digory two encounters with symbols of Eden; one in which he, like Adam and Eve, gives into temptation, and another in which Aslan, in full knowledge of Digoryââ¬â¢s previous failure, gives him an opportu nity for redemption by sending him to fetch the apple. In both of these instances, Lewis is making a rather bold assertion about the nature of God as being one of second chances and redemption rather than portraying a God who is wrathful in response to manââ¬â¢s sinfulness. Lewis is also suggesting a very particular view of God in the scene where Digory asks Aslan for a cure for his mother. Lewis writes that, ââ¬Å"great shining tears stood in the Lionââ¬â¢s eyes. They were such big, bright tears compared with Digoryââ¬â¢s own that for a moment he felt as if the Lion must really be sorrier about his Mother than he was himselfâ⬠(154). Here, Lewis is suggesting of God an unparalleled capacity for grief and empathy at the sorrows of man. Aslanââ¬â¢s tears convey Lewisââ¬â¢s belief in God as a personal God who feels the pain of his people, perhaps even more than the people themselves. The final chapters of The Magicianââ¬â¢s Nephew, beyond reflecting Lewisââ¬â¢s views on the character of God, has roots in Lewisââ¬â¢s own individual relationship to him. When Digory approaches Aslan, he does so with the sole intention of seeking a cure for his mother, much in the same way that Lewis himself does as a child. In Surprised by Joy, he recounts ââ¬Å"what someâ⬠¦might regard as [his] first religious experienceâ⬠(20), in which he turns to prayer to produce a miracle that will cure his dying mother. Lewis writes that he, ââ¬Å"approached God, or my idea of God, without love, without awe, without even fear. He was, in my mental picture of this miracle, to appear neither as a Savior nor as a Judge, but merely as a magicianâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (21). Digory, similarly, first approaches Aslan with an almost identical motivation. Digory tells Polly, ââ¬Å"I must speak to himâ⬠¦ Itââ¬â¢s about Mother. If anyone could give me something that would do her good , it would be himâ⬠(131). Digory, prior to speaking to Aslan, has no desire to interact with him beyond achieving a cure for his mother. In this way, Lewis uses Digory almost as a mirror image of himself, and through him, he illustrates the learning of a lesson that Lewis himself did not realize until much later in his life. When Digory finally comes face to face with the Lion, Digory finds that he is ââ¬Å"much bigger and more beautiful and more brightly golden and more terrible than he had thoughtâ⬠(146). Here, he begins to develop a capacity for the kind of awe and fear that both Lewis and Digory initially have, and ââ¬Å"realize[s] in time that the Lion was not at all the sort of person one could try to make bargains withâ⬠(153). Lewis also uses the latter half of this story to grant insight into his view of God in relation to the nature of evil, largely through the character of Uncle Andrew. For example, when Aslan begins his song, Lewis writes that Uncle Andrewââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"shoulders were stooped and his knees shook. He was not liking the Voiceâ⬠(108), and goes on to describe how Uncle Andrew talked himself out of being able to hear the animalââ¬â¢s voices as speech, remarking that, ââ¬Å"the trouble about trying to make yourself stupider than you really are is that you very often succeedâ⬠(137). Here, Lewis is implying both that evil cannot stand to be in the presence of good, and that to distance oneself from truth and God is a choice rather than a punishment for sin. Uncle Andrew becomes unable to hear and understand Aslan not because Aslan made it so, but because Uncle Andrew talked himself into a false perception of the truth until he was wholly unable to hear things as they truly we re. Aslan does not, at any point in the story, bring punishment upon Uncle Andrew; instead, he remarks, ââ¬Å"I cannot comfort him either; he has made himself unable to hear my voiceâ⬠¦ Oh Adamââ¬â¢s sons, how cleverly you defend yourselves against all that might do you good! But I will give him the only gift he is still able to receiveâ⬠(185). Through this remark, Lewis is suggesting that man is at fault for his inability to hear God, and that God gives to whatever extent a person can receive. jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8731258577646008135.post-25973019403813301242020-05-24T14:44:00.001-07:002020-05-24T14:44:06.266-07:00The Microcredit Foundation of India and Poverty in India The Microcredit Foundation of India is a non- profit organization, and effective tool for alleviating poverty. The Microcredit Foundation has its base located in southern rural India. Microcredit works with just about everyone who needs their help; however their focus is women. Microcredit presents the women of rural communities with the opportunity to start a business. The services of micro credit are dedicated to creating a better stable economy, opportunities in the establishment of medium sized enterprises, and co-operative development. The Microcredit Foundation of India provides sufficient and affordable customer oriented funding and other financial services as well as consulting and training to the target groups. Microcredit alsoâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦With the help of Microcredit, people no longer had to borrow money from relatives. In many cases, the availability of elegant, safe and accessible savings products for the poorest is as important, if not more important, i n poverty reduction than Microcredit. . Microcredit is based on a separate set of principles, which are distinguished from general financing or credit. The savings-ed microfinance has gained recognition as an effective way to bring very poor families low-cost financial services. Itââ¬â¢s not only provided in poor countries, but also in one of the worldââ¬â¢s richest country USA, where 37 million people live below the poverty line (Grameen Bank). In Grameen Bank even a beggar gets special attention. A beggar comes under a campaign from Grameen Bank, which is designed to convince to join Grameen programme. The bank explains how she can carry some merchandise with her when she goes out to beg from door to door and earn money, or she can display some merchandise by her side when she is begging in a fixed place. Grameens idea is to graduate her to a noble livelihood rather than continue with begging. Such a programme would not be a part of a conventional banks work. Other developed countries in which the micro-loan model is in fact gaining momentum includes, Israel, Russia, and Ukraine. Micro-loans given to small business entrepreneurs are also used to overcome cultural barriers in the mainstream businessShow MoreRelatedMicrocredit and Social Business1873 Words à |à 8 PagesFrom Microcredit to Social Business: Towards Making Poverty History Innovative ideas are not standstill, when ideas works they create attraction and developed gradually that microcredit did. In the process of advancement, idea continue to change, newer ideas emerge, sometimes it may outdo the original ideas and very different from the expectations (Mulgan, 2006, p. 154). In the course of time, Grameen Bank own by the ââ¬Ëpoorest of the poorââ¬â¢ who are mostly women becomes a giant that now has 31 differentRead MoreA majority of the Indian population lacks opportunities such as financial resources and thereby the1000 Words à |à 4 Pages A majority of the Indian population lacks opportunities such as financial resources and thereby the ability to get jobs. They are stuck in an endless cycle which provides them with no opportunities to lift themselves out of poverty. Microcredit has been seen as a lifeline and as an opportunity by governments in developing countries, international funding organizations and donor agencies, in order to help the poor attain money since the 1950ââ¬â¢s. It was in the 1950s and1960s, for the first time IndianRead MoreThe Growth And Poverty Improvement Of A Country Essay1539 Words à |à 7 Pages CHAPTER 1 1.1.1 INTERNSHIP INTRODUCTION Finance is assumed to be one of the most important tools for the growth and poverty improvement in a country. Financial inclusion is a vision for every country to achieve so that it can provide quality services to its citizens. Govt. Has introduces many schemes to achieve the aim of Inclusive growth and abandoned access to Financial services. Many initiatives, schemes and reforms have been put into the place afterRead MoreEarly Life and Education4970 Words à |à 20 Pagesillness.[12] Later, he passed the matriculation examination from Chittagong Collegiate School securing the 16th position among 39,000 students in East Pakistan.[13] During his school years, he was an active Boy Scout, and traveled to West Pakistan and India in 1952, and to Canada in 1955 to attend Jamborees.[13] Later when Yunus was studying at Chittagong College, he became active in cultural activities and won awards for drama acting.[13] In 1957, he enrolled in the department of economics at Dhaka UniversityRead MorePoverty Analysis in India: Policies to Reduce Poverty3146 Words à |à 13 Pagesinvolved in dispersing of funds in poverty alleviating programs, the Government, the World Bank and the U.S. are helping India eradicate poverty through dispersing funds to build the economy, battle disease and also improve infrastructure. Corruption can occur through bribes and red tape from low level government levels to high levels. Even though there is corruption detected by politicians and bureaucrats. The Government of India has presented strategies to alleviate poverty through subsidies and otherRead MoreThe History of Micro-Credit as a Means for Development of Poor Nations1632 Words à |à 7 Pagesopportunities for people to lift themselves out of poverty. Microcredit has been used as a method by governments in developing countries, international funding organizations and donor agencies, in order to help the poor make money since the 1950ââ¬â¢s. During the 1950s and1960s, the Indian gov ernment started disbursing loans to families in rural areas that worked in the agricultural sector as well as city-dwelling families to promote economic growth throughout India with collaboration with the Indian GovernmentRead MoreBuilding Social Business8301 Words à |à 34 Pagesworldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S1084946711001744 INTRODUCTION Social business, as the term had once been commonly used, was first defined by Nobel Peace Prize laureate Prof. Muhammad Yunus and is described in his books Creating a world without povertyââ¬âSocial Business and the future of capitalism and Building Social Businessââ¬âThe new kind of capitalism that serves humanitys most pressing needs. In these books, Yunus defined a Social Business a business: * Created and designed to address a socialRead MoreCapital And Financial Development Report4149 Words à |à 17 Pagesservices. This pandemic is even more alarming when contextualized further. Close to 73% of poor people remain unbanked, more than half of adults in the poorest 40% of households in developing countries, and about 80% of the poor living under the $2/day poverty line have no form of bank account due to a plateau of reasons ranging from costs, travel distances, and other burdensome requirements involved in opening financial accounts. To combat this undesirable phenomenon, the overwhelming majority of policyRead MoreOverview of Housing Microfinance1898 Words à |à 8 Pagesstore inventory, and conduct business. The MFI involvement is growing constantly. Participating actors in housing microfinance include urban developers, regulated financial institutions, government agencies, credit cooperatives, NGOs with an urban poverty focus, and larger MFI sponsors. Traditionally, housing finance for low-income people has been part of a slum upgrade or urban development strategy, with the financial service accompanied by construction assistance or land rights advocacy. IncreasinglyRead MoreThesis on Empower Women Through Micro Credit Programmes18140 Words à |à 73 Pagesself-help micro credit programmes are tools for empowering poor women. Micro credit is about much more than access to money. It is about women gaining control over the means to make a living. It is about women lifting themselves out of poverty and vulnerability. It is about women achieving economic and political empowerment within their homes, their villages, their countries. As Noeleen Heyzer of UNIFEM reveals in the above statement, there is clearly an important role for jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8731258577646008135.post-81500823468176608992020-05-17T04:23:00.001-07:002020-05-17T04:23:03.443-07:00Roberts Wesleyan College Admissions SAT Scores...jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8731258577646008135.post-36632229128168979472020-05-13T20:58:00.001-07:002020-05-13T20:58:03.044-07:00Causes of Tornadoes and How They Formjackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8731258577646008135.post-22454487735739927982020-05-06T18:49:00.001-07:002020-05-06T18:49:25.176-07:00Classification Essay Computer Users - 1146 Words We all have at least one person in our life that is crazy about computersâ⬠¦ the sound of the keyboard typing away throughout all hours of the night. With the advanced technology society has brought us, it is a normal occurrence in your typical household. Since the computer has become so accessible to mostly everyone, life has become much easier for humans. What would we do without the Internet? You can find information on any topic you choose, from the click of a button or two, right at your fingertips. You can communicate with others from across the globe, or even look up movie times at your local movie theatre. Maybe you just want to get lost in a good videogame. With the computer taking over our daily lives, everyone takes advantage ofâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Some prefer the option of emails over using the telephone or instant messaging. Many will give out their emails to stores or businesses so they can be added to that businesses mailing list to receive various emails about coupons or special offers. The emailers will jump with joy over an unread email in their inbox because they are so excited to reply to the sender. They will be more than happy to reply, just to have that satisfaction of receiving an email. For some included in this category of computer users, they use email to keep in touch with distant relatives whom they do not often see. Not only used for personal issues; the emailers have also depended on the email for their career. Many will send out emails to colleagues to keep in touch with what the daily schedule includes. Emailers spend most of their time on the computer replying and writing new messages to certain individuals. Many of my friends are serious gamers. They have all the game systems from Xbox to Playstation to Wii. Some computer users spend all of their time playing games. These are the people who stay up to till dawn shooting and dodging bullets from other people on the Internet. ââ¬Å"Gamersâ⬠tend to get addict ed to games; the first things they do when they get on the computer are check for people playing online or start new games to play. Most of these gamers even have all the accessories for the wholeShow MoreRelatedIs Internet Addiction Disorder? Essay1483 Words à |à 6 PagesInternet use, refers to excessive computer use which interferes with daily life. Internet overuse, problematic computer use, or pathological computer use, problematic Internet use, or Internet addiction disorder. In the most recent version of the DSM-5, Internet Gaming Disorder is the latest term to describe this problem. History IAD was originally proposed as a disorder in a satirical hoax by Ivan Goldberg, M.D., in 1995, although some later researchers have taken his essay seriously. He used this termRead MoreRegulation on Cloud to Protect User Privacy1700 Words à |à 7 PagesRegulation on Cloud to Protect User Privacy This essay writes about regulation that rules cloud provider to protect privacy of data citizens within country. First of all, this essay will describe about what cloud services that used nowadays, its wide range of services, and users motivation why they would use cloud services. In the second section, it will explain more about the security threat of cloud services and going more specific into privacy issue. The next section, I will discuss about theRead MoreInformation Technology Applications For A Team Of People3014 Words à |à 13 Pagesis called groupware and in this essay I would like to extend the definition of groupware to also include software that enables collaboration between teams of individuals. Groupware, collaborative software or group support systems are all a type of software ââ¬Å"with the main objective to make the interaction between people that work together easier and helping them to become more effective and efficientâ⬠(Sarmento, Lousa, Machado, 1999). Groupware/ collaborative/ Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)Read MoreDefinition Of Function Point Analysis1584 Words à |à 7 Pageswhich means mapping out complex lighting algorithms. According to Gollapudi (n.s) the definition of Function Point Analysis (FPA) can be; one method for determining the software size by estimating the system functionality which provided to the end users supported on logical design. Moreover, this method is a form of top down estimation (Larson Et al. 2014) . Furthermore, Function Point Analysis (FPA) is actually one of the strong and standardized methods for defining various functions of softwareRead MoreAnalysis And Summary Of Cloud Computing1693 Words à |à 7 Pagesbrief analysis and summary of cloud computing system. Presented the definition, character and the model of could computing will be the first part. Then, analyzed several advantages and disadvantages is the major part of this report. Finally, this essay will focus on application of this technology in different areas and its future. Table of Contents Cloud Computing 1 1.Introduction of clouding system 1 1.1 The definition of cloud computing 1 1.2 The characteristic of cloud computing 2 1.3 Cloud ComputingRead MoreThe Development And Challenge Of 3d Printing1294 Words à |à 6 PagesDevelopment and Challenge of 3D Printing Introduction In recent years 3D printing arouses focus of public with appearing in a huge number of areas. In this essay, it will describe 3D printing which is one important application of rapid prototyping. Rapid prototyping (RP) is general for several techniques, which read in data from computer-aided design (CAD) drawings and manufacture automatically three-dimensional objects layer-by-layer according to the virtual design (Sanna 2008). 3D printing alsoRead MoreAnalysis And Summary Of Cloud Computing1706 Words à |à 7 Pagesbrief analysis and summary of cloud computing system. Presented the definition, character and the model of could computing will be the first part. Then, analyzed several advantages and disadvantages is the major part of this report. Finally, this essay will focus on application of this technology in different areas and its future. Table of Contents Cloud Computing 1 1.Introduction of clouding system 1 1.1 The definition of cloud computing 1 1.2 The characteristic of cloud computing 2 1.3 Cloud ComputingRead MoreHuman Centered Design Is The Most Popular Two Methodologies996 Words à |à 4 PagesDesign, Goal-Directed Design, etc, each method has its own unique approach for creating the design. Human-Centered Design and Activity-Centered Design are the most popular two methodologies. Because of Don Normanââ¬â¢s Essay: Human Design Considered Harmful, the controversy between the use of User-Centered Design and Activity- Centered Design become a hot debeat. Here I want to talk about two different design theories and some ideas about how to adapt a suitable design solution. Human Centered Design Human-CenteredRead MoreOnline Exams : An Assessment For Measuring A Test Taker s Knowledge, Skill, Aptitude, Or Classification932 Words à |à 4 PagesAn examination is an assessment for measuring a test-takerââ¬â¢s knowledge, skill, aptitude, or classification in many other topics [Ikwueze, 2014]. In the educational fields, examinations play a significant role for helping instructors understand to what extent their students grasp some knowledge, so as to facilitate the instructors to tweak their teaching and further improve their studentsââ¬â¢ learning. Paper-based examinations are inconvenient for instructors to implement in the distance learning areaRead MoreLets Talk about E-Books and Their Advantages805 Words à |à 3 PagesE-books is a good idea to improve our selves in reading. E-book is a book that displayed on a computer screen or on an electronic device that is held in the hand, instead of being printed on paper. The first e-book was equipped by Roberto Busa in the late of 194os. In my essay I will talk about the history of e-books, the differences between electronic books and traditional books and the advantages of e-books. E-book is an electronic book or digital book. It was public in digital form. Its easy jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8731258577646008135.post-46628803466488014142020-05-06T14:17:00.001-07:002020-05-06T14:17:15.131-07:00Diclduybc Free Essays Unit 11 Mini-Analysis Consider the following standard and semi-log plots from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Both graphs show the probability (in decimal form) that an Australian woman of age x will die within the next year. | | Remember to use complete sentences on each of the questions below, rounding to four decimal places where appropriate. We will write a custom essay sample on Diclduybc or any similar topic only for you Order Now Save the resulting document in either Word or PDF form and resubmit to the D2L dropbox. Your last name should appear in the name of the file. 1. The standard plot on the left appears exponential. However, by examining the semi-log plot on the right, we see that only a portion of the data is actually exponential. For what ages would you conclude that the probability (in decimal form) of dying in the next year is approximately exponential? Explain. I do not understand the question. The ages that are approximately exponential are 22-90 on the right graph because these lines seem to form a straight line, similar to exponential growth. 2. Assuming that the points (44, -3) and (70, -2) are on the linear portion of the semi-log plot, create a linear function for Y=log? y) as a function of x. Make sure to show your work. -2+3/70-44 = 1/26 y=. 0384615385x+b y = . 0385x ââ¬â 2. 5 3. Rewrite your semi-log plot equation from #2 so that it now shows the exponential function that we can view on the standard plot. Make sure to show your work. Y = . 0385x + -2. 5 y = 10^. 0385x * 10^-2. 5 1. 0926^x * . 0032 4. What percent does an Australian femaleââ¬â¢s probability of death (within t he next year) increase every year? The probability of womenââ¬â¢s death in Australia increases by 9. 26% each year. How to cite Diclduybc, Papers jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8731258577646008135.post-23269936598762104552020-05-06T00:04:00.001-07:002020-05-06T00:04:07.528-07:00The Greek Theatre Essay Example For Students The Greek Theatre Essay The arts of the western world have been largely dominated by the artistic standards established by the Greeks of the classical period Spreloosel 86. It is from the Greek word theatron, meaning a place for sitting, that we get our word theater. According to James Butler, The Greeks were the first people to erect special structures to bring audiences and theatrical performers together 27. The theaters were normally located near a populated area at the bottom of or cut out of a carefully selected, sloping hillside overlooking a seascape, a plain, or a city Butler 30. They eventually with few exceptions consisted of three distinct parts: theatron viewing place for spectators, orchestra dancing place where the chorus and actors performed; and a later addition, a skene scene building, which provided a scenic backing Butler 30. The theatron was the place where the audience sat. At first the spectators sat on the ground, later on wooden bleachers and finally on tiers of stone seats which followed the circular shape of the orchestra and the natural contours of the countryside. The theatron surrounded the orchestra on three sides. Describing the theater of Dionysus, David Taylor writes, The spectators seats were in a curving area, a little more than a semi-circle and slope down to the center Taylor 19. Even though all classes of people attended the theater there were reserved areas for the more prestigious, such as the king. The audience arranged in rows, looked out across a rounded orchestra Kennedy 1102. Because most of the early dramas were religious and required a sacrificial ceremony, a thymele an altar or sacrificial table was located in the center of the orchestra. The orchestra was where the chorus and actors performed. Arnott states, the nucleus of the drama was the chorus Arnott 9. David Taylor comments, The theater actually did start without any separate actors; there was only the chorus 15. Later actors were added, but the chorus still remained the center of attention. The audience sat at a considerable distance from the orchestra and looked down on the performance. Although the amount of detail perceived was limited, they often were drawn into the play and became characters themselves. The action has spilled over from the orchestra to the auditorium to embrace the whole community, players and public alike Anott 21. The third distinct part of the theater was the skene scene building. The earliest scene buildings were very simple wooden structures Butler 31. Originally, the skene was a dressing room; later it is believed to have borne a painted backdrop Kennedy 1102. This area was known as the actors place. It was intended to provide a background against which actors could perform. In Greek theater as we know it, the skene appears as a appendage, adjunct, breaking the perfect circularity of the design Arnott 13. Although the origin of the Greek theater is unclear, many historians believe that it developed out of religious ritual and itsà performances were connected to religious festivals. The performances were used to educate and entertain. The theater is certainly not the same as it was in ancient Greece but it has not changed completely Taylor 8. This form of art has always had a special appeal for many people. jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8731258577646008135.post-86250402072913835472020-05-05T15:06:00.001-07:002020-05-05T15:06:15.298-07:00All Quiet On The Western Front (995 words) Essay Example For Students All Quiet On The Western Front (995 words) Essay All Quiet On The Western FrontAll Quiet on the Western FrontWhenever one reads or hears about World War I or World War II, you hear of the struggles and triumphs of the British, Americans or any of the other Allies. And they always speak of the evil and menacing German army. However, All Quiet on the Western Front gives the reader some insight and a look at a group of young German friends who are fighting in World War I. ?This story is neither an accusation nor a confession, and least of all an adventure, for death is not an adventure to those who stand face to face with it. It will try simply to tell of a generation of men who, even though they may have escaped its shells, were destroyed by the war..? The soldiers of this war felt they were neither heroes nor did they know what they were fighting for. These soldiers were pulled from the innocence of their childhood, and thrown into a world of rage. Yet somehow they still managed to have heart and faith in man kind and could not look the opponent in the eye and kill him. For he was man too, he too had a wife and children at home, he too was pulled out of his home to fight for a cause he didnt understand. The comrades were taught to fight. They were taught to kill the British and their allies. The comrades had no personal reason to fight with the other, except that it was an order and must be done. They were not fighting because they held a strong passion for their country, or felt deeply for the cause of the war. Albert simply states, ?almost all of us are simple folk. And in France, too, the majority of men are laborers, workmen, or poor clerks. Now just why would a French blacksmith or a French shoemaker want to attack us? No, its merely the rulers. I had never seen a Frenchman before I came here, and it will be just the same with the majority of Frenchmen as regards us. They werent asked about it any more then we were.? These soldiers lacked passion for the war. They didnt feel heroic because they did not ha te the French nor the British. Therefore they lacked zeal to fight the war and did not fit the title of hero, they clung on to their life at all times. An example of Paul hiding during an attack shows his fear of death. ? I lie huddled in a large shell-hole, my legs in the water up to the belly. When the attack starts I will let myself fall into the water, with my face as deep in the mud as I can keep it without suffocating. I must pretend to be dead.? These soldiers went to extremes to save themselves from the raging war. Not only soldiers but officers of the army had come under the great influence of fear. During one scene, under a heavy attack Paul sees a petrified Himmelstoss who is crouching in a corner. ?Get out!? I spit. He doesnt not stir, his lips quiver, his moustache twitches. ?Out!? i repeat. He draws up his legs, crouches back against the wall, and shows his teeth like a cur.? If officers of the army overcame with such great fear, naturally the young recruits would be h orrified as well. Unprepared and still innocent the recruits stared at the world in front of them with blank faces. Paul describes this during a front line attack. ?Their pale turnip faces, their pitiful clenched hands, the fine courage of these poor devils, the desperate charges and attacks made by the poor brave wretches, who are so terrified that they dare not cry out loudly, but with battered chests, with torn bellies, arms and legs only whimper softly for their mothers and cease as soon as one looks at them.? Paul believes they have no business fighting the war. For they are merely easy targets for the opponents. By fighting in the war did not mean the soldiers were stone cold and held no emotions. By not feeling hate towards the opponent army, they could not be heroes because they werent able to kill them. In the middle of an attack when Paul is throwing grenades at the Russians he has to stop and he thinks. ? The moment we are about to retreat three faces rise up from the gro und in front of us. Under one of the helmets a dark pointed beard and two eyes are fastened on me. I raise my hand, but cannot throw into those strange eyes; for one mad moment the whole slaughter whirls like a circus around me, and these two eyes alone are motionless.? Paul feels emotion, and fails to be a hero for he feels compassion. ? We de not fight, we defend ourselves against annihilation.? This war was not a glorious event to partake in for the soldiers. They were thrown into the world of rage and robbed of their innocence, which could never be regained. Filled with memories from the war that could never be forgotten. This war had no meaning to them, they lacked enthusiasm in fighting for their country. They were not heroes for they had fear, and defended themselves rather than fighting. These comrades felt sentiment for the opponents, for they both lacked passion for what they were fighting. This novel holds the ability to describe the soldiers in any war. Any soldier parti cipating in a war does not have a conflict with the soldiers they are fighting with. It is the leaders of the countries who hold conflicts and lure their men into risking their lives. As Tjaden had mentioned in the beginning of the novel, ? we should let the leaders fight it out themselves in a ring.? For they are the ones with a personal conflict not the innocent comrades. Book Reports .u92a41e0b2c79696b8d7202608e7e28b1 , .u92a41e0b2c79696b8d7202608e7e28b1 .postImageUrl , .u92a41e0b2c79696b8d7202608e7e28b1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u92a41e0b2c79696b8d7202608e7e28b1 , .u92a41e0b2c79696b8d7202608e7e28b1:hover , .u92a41e0b2c79696b8d7202608e7e28b1:visited , .u92a41e0b2c79696b8d7202608e7e28b1:active { border:0!important; } .u92a41e0b2c79696b8d7202608e7e28b1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u92a41e0b2c79696b8d7202608e7e28b1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u92a41e0b2c79696b8d7202608e7e28b1:active , .u92a41e0b2c79696b8d7202608e7e28b1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u92a41e0b2c79696b8d7202608e7e28b1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u92a41e0b2c79696b8d7202608e7e28b1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u92a41e0b2c79696b8d7202608e7e28b1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u92a41e0b2c79696b8d7202608e7e28b1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u92a41e0b2c79696b8d7202608e7e28b1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u92a41e0b2c79696b8d7202608e7e28b1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u92a41e0b2c79696b8d7202608e7e28b1 .u92a41e0b2c79696b8d7202608e7e28b1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u92a41e0b2c79696b8d7202608e7e28b1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Jackie Robinson Essay jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8731258577646008135.post-17969033518990319452020-04-19T19:10:00.001-07:002020-04-19T19:10:04.277-07:00Role of United Arab Emirates in Iraq The war between Iraq and Kuwait began in the year 1990. This war started after Iraqââ¬â¢s forces entered Kuwait by force. During the conflict, Iraqââ¬â¢s soldiers raped, robbed, and shot at the resisting Kuwaitis (King, 1991). In the attacks, some Kuwaitis managed to escape to the neighbouring countries unharmed. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Role of United Arab Emirates in Iraq-Kuwait War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Before the war started, the US was no longer engaged in foreign military affairs after its devastating loss in the Vietnam War (King, 1991). However, the events of the war between Kuwait and Iraq forced the US to come to the defence of Kuwait in an operation named Operation Desert Shield. This operation involved several countries. Among those who supported this operation were some of the Arab countries who believed that the Iraqis expansion was a threat in the Middle East (King , 1991). Before the war started, UAEââ¬â¢s actions in the Middle East contributed to the Iraq-Kuwait conflicts during the early 1990s (Grossman, 1995). As such, Kuwait and UAE were disregarding OPECââ¬â¢s regulations by flooding the world markets with cheap oil. By doing so, the two countries lowered the oil prices in the world markets. During this time, the Iraqââ¬â¢s economy was still unstable following the Iraq- Iran War. Therefore, Iraq needed to sell its oil in the world markets at a higher price to sustain its economy. However, UAE and Kuwaitââ¬â¢s actions prevented Iraq from selling its oil at a higher price hence worsened their economic situations. Following this, Saddam Hussein was forced to attack Kuwait. Hussein hoped that by attacking Kuwait it could lead to a drop in UAE and Kuwaitââ¬â¢s oil exports in the world markets. Through this, the UAE is said to have contributed to the Iraq and Kuwait War (Grossman, 1995). During the Iraq and Iran War, UAE did n ot participate in the conflicts. However, the Kuwait and Iraq War forced the UAE to join the allied forces in setting free the Kuwaitis from the Iraqis. Before the onset of the war, UAE was among the first Arab countries to oppose the plans by President Saddam Hussein to attack Kuwait. Its defence forces officials together with American forces designed a plan, which were to prevent Husseinââ¬â¢s forces from attacking Kuwaitis. Two weeks before the operation, UAE and the US conducted an air refuelling preparation program in an effort to warn Husseinââ¬â¢s government against its military desires. During this period, the UAE defence forces provided its military members to play active roles in the Operation Desert Storm. Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through this, the country contributed its air force personnel as pilots. Notably, UAE pilots joined the all ied forces in major air attacks across Iraq. Through this effort, Iraqââ¬â¢s infrastructure, communication facilities, military bases, and naval bases were destroyed. Correspondingly, through the combined effort by the UAE forces, American forces, and their allied forces, Iraqââ¬â¢s aircraft and air force facilities were destroyed within the first few weeks of Operation Shield Desert. Apart from contributing its forces as pilots to the operation, UAE provided more than 2000 forces to fight on the ground. With the effort of these individuals, the allied forces managed to defeat the Iraqi forces on the ground as air raids were being carried out. Most of the ground forces were situated in Kuwait. They were required to prevent Iraqis from returning to Iraq with Kuwaitââ¬â¢s properties. Another way in which UAE contributed to the war was by providing the Americans with military bases. Before this war, the US military bases in the Middle East region were few and ill equipped. Ho wever, during the war between the Kuwait and Iraq the US military presence in the region increased with the setting up of more bases in UAE, Saudi Arabia and other American allied countries in the region (Metz, 1994). From the UAEââ¬â¢s bases, American forces could destroy Iraqis positions very easily. The US and the allied forcesââ¬â¢ aircrafts, warships and other military facilities were stationed in the UAE and other US allied nations within the gulf region. In addition to the above contributions, the UAE government provided the allied forces with financial support during the Kuwait and Iraqi War. According to the countryââ¬â¢s defense reports, UAE contributed $3.3 billion towards the liberation of Kuwait during the onset of the war (Metz, 1994). By mid 1991, the country had promised to support countries who were involved in the operation. Through this, their defense spending reached $6 billion on November 1991. The country initiated this move to help the involved count ries recover their economic losses resulting from this operation. To meet these huge military spending, the country increased its oil exports and prices during the period. When the war ended, UAE had played a very important role in ending the Iraqi and Kuwait War. Similarly, after the war, the country realized that its military defense system was weak. The events of the war enabled the countryââ¬â¢s defense department to evaluate their abilities to defend themselves from external attacks. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Role of United Arab Emirates in Iraq-Kuwait War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was noted that the country needed extra military resources to defend themselves and their member states from external military attacks (Rugh, 2002). As a result, the UAE entered into an agreement with the US and the French governments to support its military with skills and equipments. References Gros sman, M. (1995). Encyclopedia of the Persian Gulf War. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. King, J. (1991). The Gulf War. New York: Dillon Press. Metz, H. C. (1994). Persian Gulf states: country studies (3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. Rugh, W. A. (2002). Diplomacy and defense policy of the United Arab Emirates. Abu Dhabi, U.A.E.: Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. This research paper on Role of United Arab Emirates in Iraq-Kuwait War was written and submitted by user Hawkeye/Clint Barton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Role of United Arab Emirates in Iraq Iraq-Kuwait war began in the year 1990. The conflict escalated following Iraqââ¬â¢s invasion of Kuwait. During this conflict, Iraqââ¬â¢s soldiers invaded Kuwait, raped, looted, and killed resisting Kuwaitis on the spot (King, 1991).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Role of United Arab Emirates in Iraq-Kuwait War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is alleged that the world learned about these atrocities from Kuwaitis who managed to escape to the neighbouring countries unharmed. Following the brutal attacks, the US was forced to intervene. Before the onset of the war, the US had made a decision that it was no longer going to engage in foreign military affairs after its devastating experience in Vietnam War (King, 1991). The US government mobilized its allies to come to the defence of Kuwait in an operation named Operation Desert Shield. During this operation, several countries took different roles in the alliance. Among those who supported this operation were some of the Arab countries who believed that Iraqis expansion was a threat in the Middle East (King, 1991). This paper seeks to highlight the role of United Arab Emirates, UAE, in the war. Initially, UAEââ¬â¢s operations in the Middle East were considered to have fuelled the Iraq- Kuwait conflicts during the early 1990s (Grossman, 1995). As such, Kuwait and UAE were disrespecting the OPECS directive by flooding the world markets with oil. By doing so, the two countries lowered the oil prices in the world markets. Since Iraq had not regained its economic stability following the Iraq- Iran war, the UAE and Kuwaitââ¬â¢s actions in the oil market worsened their economic situations. With the two countries disrespecting the OPECââ¬â¢s directives and the dire economic situation in Iraq, Saddam Hussein was forced to attack Kuwait. Saddamââ¬â¢s acts were meant to reduce the UAE and Kuwaitââ¬â¢s oil exports in the wor ld market. Through this, the UAE is said to have contributed to the Iraq- Kuwait conflicts (Grossman, 1995). Previously, during the Iran-Iraq war, UAE was reluctant in joining the conflicts. However, during the Kuwait-Iraq war the country was forced to reverse its previous policy and join forces with its allies in liberating Kuwait. Before the onset of the war, UAE was among the first Arab countries to object the plans by President Saddam Hussein to invade Kuwait. Its defence forces officials joined forces with American forces and drafted a plan, which were to prevent Husseinââ¬â¢s forces from further attacks in Kuwait. Two weeks before the operation, UAE and the US conducted an air refuelling rehearsal program in an effort to warn the Iraqis government against their military ambitions. During this period, the UAE defence forces availed its personnel to play active roles in the Operation Desert Storm. Through this, the country contributed its air force personnel as pilots. Notabl y, UAE pilots joined the allied forces in major air attacks across Iraq.Advertising Looking for research paper on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through this effort, Iraqââ¬â¢s infrastructure, communication facilities, military bases, and naval bases were destroyed. Equally, through the concerted effort by the UAE forces, American forces, and their allied forces, Iraqââ¬â¢s aircraft and air force facilities were destroyed within the first few weeks of Operation Shield Desert. Throughout the operation, the UAE ground forces were estimated to be about 2000. With the effort of these individuals, the allied forces managed to conquer the Iraqi forces on the ground as air raids were being carried out. Most of the ground forces were situated in Kuwait. They were mandated to thwart Iraqis from retreating to Iraq with Kuwaitââ¬â¢s properties. Other than providing the military personnel, UAE provided the Americans with military bases during the gulf war. Before this war, US military bases across the gulf region were few and ill equipped. However, during the gulf war the US military presence in the region increased with the setting up of more bases in UAE, Saudi Arabia and other American allied countries in the region (Metz, 1994). From the UAEââ¬â¢s bases, American forces were able to destroy Iraqis positions with ease. The US and the allied forcesââ¬â¢ aircrafts, warships and other military facilities were stationed in the UAE and other US allied nations within the gulf region. Equally, during the war the UAE government provided the allied forces with financial support. According to the countryââ¬â¢s defense reports, UAE contributed $3.3 billion towards the liberation of Kuwait during the onset of the war (Metz, 1994). By mid 1991, the country had pledged to support countries who were involved in the operation. Through this, their defense spending reached $6 billion on November 1991. The country initiated this move to help the involved countries recover their economic losses resulting from this operation. To meet these huge military spending, the country increased its oil exports and prices during the period. By the end of the war, the UAE had played a crucial role towards the liberation of Kuwait. At the end, the country realized that its defense system was inadequately prepared to tackle external military challenges. Similarly, after the war the GCC acknowledged that it lacked the military resources to defend their member states from external military attacks (Rugh, 2002). As a result, the UAE entered into an agreement with the US and the French governments to support its military with expertise and equipments.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Role of United Arab Emirates in Iraq-Kuwait War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Grossman, M. (1995). Encyclopedia of the Persian Gu lf War. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. King, J. (1991). The Gulf War. New York: Dillon Press. Metz, H. C. (1994). Persian Gulf states: country studies (3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress . Rugh, W. A. (2002). Diplomacy and defense policy of the United Arab Emirates. Abu Dhabi, U.A.E.: Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. This research paper on Role of United Arab Emirates in Iraq-Kuwait War was written and submitted by user Marc Hartman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8731258577646008135.post-36828950376848133592020-04-02T06:36:00.001-07:002020-04-02T06:36:02.617-07:00Analysis of Low Speed Unsteady Airfoil Flows free essay sample he standard textbooks on aerodynamics usually omit any discussion of unsteady aerodynamics or, at most, consider it only in a single chapter, based on two justifications. The first is that unsteady aerodynamics should be regarded as a specialized subject required only in connection with understanding and analyzing aeroelastic phenomena such as flutter and gust response, and therefore should be dealt with in related specialist books. The second reason appears to be reluctance to discuss aerodynamics with the inclusion of the time-dependent terms in the conservation equations and the boundary conditions for fear that added complications may discourage the reader. We take the opposite view in this book and argue that a full understanding of the physics of lift generation is possible only by considering the unsteady aerodynamics of the starting vortex generation process. Furthermore, certain steady flows are inherently unsteady in the presence of flow separation, as for example the unsteady flow caused by the Karman vortex shedding downstream of a cylinder and static airfoil stall which is an inherently unsteady flow phenomenon. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Low Speed Unsteady Airfoil Flows or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore, it stands to reason that a unified treatment of aerodynamics that yields steady-state aerodynamics as a special case offers advantages. This reasoning is strengthened by the developments in computational fluid dynamics over the past forty years, which showed that accurate steady-state solutions can be obtained efficiently by solving the unsteady flow equations. We have, however, chosen to concentrate on unsteady low-speed flows over airfoils in order to present a reasonably comprehensive coverage while limiting the size of the book. This implies that the content is restricted to the discussion of two-dimensional incompressible flows and, as a consequence, the book is structured as described in the following paragraphs. The introductory first chapter describes the physics of unsteady flows by explaining the unsteady flow mechanisms underlying the generation of lift on two-dimensional airfoils and finite-span wings and the generation of thrust on flapping airfoils and wings. This is followed by a demonstration that airfoils VI Preface capable of pitch and plunge oscillations can extract energy from the air stream instead of generating thrust, provided the amplitudes of oscillation and the phasing between the pitch and plunge oscillations reach certain critical values. This phenomenon can lead to the destruction of an aircraft wing within seconds due to explosive flutter. The possibility of airfoil flutter due to pitch oscillations only is then considered and, in this case, the unsteady aerodynamic effects caused by the vortex shedding from the airfoil are shown to be an essential component in the explanation of this phenomenon. An understanding and incorporation of unsteady flow concepts is also required for the determination of the loads caused by wind gusts. The chapter ends by drawing attention to the dynamic airfoil stall and stall flutter phenomena, as caused by flow separation effects. It is well recognized that the rational analysis of separated flows, i. e. , an analysis other than empirical or semi-empirical, needs to be based on the solution of the viscous flow equations stemming from the Navier-Stokes equations. In addition, most flows of practical importance are partly or fully turbulent and therefore require the use of Reynolds averaging in order to evolve a practically useful computational tool. For these reasons, the second chapter begins with a presentation of the Navier-Stokes equations and their Reynolds-averaged form. Furthermore, since many flows can be analyzed efficiently by the use of reduced forms of the Navier-Stokes equations, the thin-layer Navier-Stokes, boundary layer and inviscid flow equations are also included in this chapter. Since inviscid, boundary layer, and Navier-Stokes methods are now widely used, separate chapters are devoted to describe the three methods for the computation of steady and unsteady airfoil flows. The computation of inviscid airfoil flows benefited enormously, both conceptually and computationally, by the introduction of the so-called panel method, pioneered at the Douglas Aircraft Company in the 1960s. Thus, a panel method for the calculation of the flow over an airfoil executing a general time-dependent motion is described in chapter three. It is known that the viscous flow effects can be included with the pressure distribution obtained from an inviscid flow solution as input into the boundary layer equations. This concept can be further refined by interaction between the inviscid and boundary layer computations, thus making it possible to analyze mildly separated flows as described in chapter five. The ourth, sixth and seventh chapters describe applications of the inviscid, boundary layer and viscous-inviscid interaction codes, respectively, to provide the reader with an appreciation for the usefulness and range of validity of each method by comparing the computations with available experimental results. The eighth and ninth chapters consider the analysis of strongly viscous and separated flows by means of the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations by describing first the vari ous solution methods for both incompressible and compressible flows and t jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8731258577646008135.post-31627438418186065972020-03-15T05:43:00.001-07:002020-03-15T05:43:02.579-07:00Free Essays on What Is This Thing Called Love in the English language, love is a derivative of the Latin word "causemajoraproblemus" which means "You're miserable when you got it and miserable when you don't." The word was created to explain the biological phenomenon that existed when certain individuals came into contact with each other and either remained together or went about their lives separately. Regardless of the outcome, the relationship was usually characteristic of throat lumps, knotted stomachs, weak knees, temporary loss of language, sweaty palms, dizziness, sneezing, and occasional nausea. Belligerent insanity also resulted. History clearly illustrates this. Can we ever forget the face that launched a thousand ships? Federally expressing Van Gogh's ear? The construction of Le Tour Eiffel? All of these were results of love and love lost. Star-crossed lovers have stated that love is not hand nor foot n... Free Essays on What Is This Thing Called Love Free Essays on What Is This Thing Called Love What is This Thing Called Love? Beep Beep, went the horns as a young girl strode through the heavily congested crossing to be greeted by the occasional ââ¬Å"watch where youââ¬â¢re going,â⬠and ââ¬Å"wait for the signal crossing,â⬠or ââ¬Å"are you blind!â⬠But this wide-eyed girl continued on her way as if mesmerized not acknowledging the warnings. Her twinkling eyes in a daze, her mouth turned up carrying a crocked smile letting a soft humming of Franks Sinatraââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Its too good to be true,â⬠escape her lips. With a one-track mind heavily filled with air. This girl is a in a bubbleâ⬠¦ the Love bubble. The love bubble is a statement that describes how the outside world seems to fade when there is only one other person in your heart, but it does little to define what love is beyond the vague realm of an imagined reality. Through looking at the history, explaining what love is not, and examining the uses of love and the results of that usage I will try to define what Love is. The origin of the word is probably the most logical place to start. As with many words in the English language, love is a derivative of the Latin word "causemajoraproblemus" which means "You're miserable when you got it and miserable when you don't." The word was created to explain the biological phenomenon that existed when certain individuals came into contact with each other and either remained together or went about their lives separately. Regardless of the outcome, the relationship was usually characteristic of throat lumps, knotted stomachs, weak knees, temporary loss of language, sweaty palms, dizziness, sneezing, and occasional nausea. Belligerent insanity also resulted. History clearly illustrates this. Can we ever forget the face that launched a thousand ships? Federally expressing Van Gogh's ear? The construction of Le Tour Eiffel? All of these were results of love and love lost. Star-crossed lovers have stated that love is not hand nor foot n... jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8731258577646008135.post-1049500332016873622020-03-08T03:24:00.001-07:002020-03-08T03:24:02.998-07:00Analytical Essay Sample on #8220;The Picture of Dorian Gray#8221; by Oscar WildeAnalytical Essay Sample on #8220;The Picture of Dorian Gray#8221; by Oscar Wilde In Oscar Wildeââ¬â¢s classic novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, imagery affects the story as a whole. One image that can be traced throughout the entire novel, is the actual portrait of Dorian Gray. This portrait in itself can be divided into three separate stages, depending on the severity of Dorianââ¬â¢s cruelty. As the novel progresses, these images transform from one stage to another. This successful usage of imagery makes this novel truly terrifying, but at the same time, quite enjoyable. The first significant stage of Dorianââ¬â¢s portrait might be called the beautiful stage. Basil Hallward paints Dorianââ¬â¢s portrait in the beginning pf the novel, and, it is said to be his best work yet. The picture not only illustrates Dorianââ¬â¢s true outer beauty, but it also accentuates on his stunning youthful image. The portrait is given to Dorian to keep for himself to remember how lovely he looked in his youthful days. Basil and Dorian alike adore the portrait, however they have no idea of what is in store them in the future. The next stage of Dorianââ¬â¢s ever changing portrait is slightly changed from the fine-looking image of the novelââ¬â¢s beginning. Dorian falls in love with Sibyl Vane, a beautiful and extremely talented young actress, and goes to see her perform almost every night. He becomes engaged to her and, rightly so, decides to bring his friends along with him to show off his future bride at one of her performances. Sibyl, however, realizes that she is in love, and decides that she need not act to her full potential. In fact, she performs horribly and disgusts Dorian and his friends alike. After the show, Dorian becomes furious with Sibyl and declares his love for her null and void. Soon thereafter she commits suicide and Dorianââ¬â¢s picture suddenly changes. Almost everything is still intact except for his smile. It has changed from the once beautiful smile, to a cruel and evil looking grin. From here on, the portrait changes from day to day in an increasingly malicious way. The third and final stage of the portrait represents Dorian in a full fledged evil form. While the picture has been changing all throughout the novel, it takes a dramatic change when he single-handedly kills one of his best friends. Basil follows Dorian into his house and wants to see his, as he remembered, beloved picture of Dorian. While looking at the portrait in amazement and confusion, Dorian lashes out upon him in a mad rage. He stabs Basil again and again in the head for reasons no one will ever know. After this incident, Dorianââ¬â¢s portrait changes even more. He realizes that there is a look of cunning in his eye, along with scarlet blood stains on his hands. In closing, Dorianââ¬â¢ picture reaches an all time level of wickedness, and, because of this, he attempts to destroy it for good, but ends up killing himself in return. Finally, the imagery that Oscar Wilde uses so well in Dorian Gray affects the novel greatly in whole. As the portrait changes, so does the mood and the actions of the characters. At first, when the portrait is beautiful, everyone is happy, and it seems as though nothing could ever go wrong. As Dorianââ¬â¢s life of crime gradually begins to accelerate, however, things begin to change. The mood tends to shift from a joyful tone, to more of a ghastly and horrifying one. This is not fully shown until the novel shifts eighteen years into the future. Rumours are constantly being spread about Dorian and his disgraceful habits while weather is constantly dark and gloomy. Another peculiar fact is that not one person dies in the novel until Dorianââ¬â¢s behavior begins to change. When the portrait is in its opening stages, only Sibyl Vane dies. When the portrait is in its closing stages, however, Basil, James Vane, and Dorian himself all meet death themselves. In conclusion, Dorianââ¬â ¢s portrait changes the whole mood of the novel, and has some effect on everyone in the novel, whether it be directly or indirectly. In conclusion, imagery plays a significant role in Dorian Gray. The one significant image, the portrait, is seen constantly throughout the novel. As the image changes, so does everything else in the story. The picture not only affects the way the characters act, but it also affects the mood in return. In closing, Dorian Grayââ¬â¢s portrait coincides perfectly with the mood and actions of the characters, which range from perfection and harmony to evil and cruelty. jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8731258577646008135.post-1008095641662393032020-02-27T20:07:00.001-08:002020-02-27T20:07:02.897-08:00Feeding a Rapidly Expanding Population Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsFeeding a Rapidly Expanding Population - Essay Example First, demand for food is changing fast across the globe. This comes as a result of a larger and wealthier population that has cut straight into the global food supply chain. Second, as food producers seek to produce more, they are required to demonstrate and practice acceptable levels of social and environmental responsibility. The third is the need to eliminate hunger among the worldââ¬â¢s most impoverished populations. These three dimensions form the ultimate solution to the problem of feeding nine billion people. In an effort to address these three dimensions of the food problem, it is important to come up with better approaches to meeting the global food demand, which should ensure that, while not much of the uncultivated land will be cultivated, more and higher quality food will be produced. The next section discusses the measures that should be taken in an effort to fulfill this objective. Effective Measures As Godfray and his analysis group have noted, the three-dimensional food problem that is facing the world needs to be addressed by significant changes in the process of food production by the producer and food access by the consumer. In other words, it is important, in an effort to solve the food problem, to execute an overhaul in the global food supply chain in an effort to accomplish the extent of efficiency that was witnessed in the previous three centuries. This is a goal that the world food production chain will have to focus on despite the hurdles that come with the constraints of natural resources. jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8731258577646008135.post-37820158303156824322020-02-20T17:48:00.001-08:002020-02-20T17:48:02.628-08:00Marketing plan for NIKE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 wordsMarketing plan for NIKE - Essay Example Nike was founded on January 25th 1964 by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight as Blue Ribbon Sports. The company adopted the name Nike on May 30, 1978 and began marketing its products and services under its own brand. Today, the company operates retail stores under the Niketown name. In addition, the company is known worldwide for sponsoring a great deal of sports activities and supporting many sports teams. The Nike brand is presently found in many countries across the world notably in the United States, Europe, Asia Pacific and the Americas (Esty & Winston, 2009). Courtesy of its innovative design and effective marketing strategies, the company has obtained a very huge position in the sports markets in these regions. More importantly, Nikeââ¬â¢s products are usually associated with high quality and this has been a major boost for the company over the years. Situation analysis Company mission and objectives Nike has always been focused to the realization of its goals, mission and object ives. More importantly, the organization has a strong sense of values which have created a kind of organizational culture often admired by many organizations. The mission of the organization is ââ¬Å"to bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the worldâ⬠(Esty & Winston, 2009) In this regard, it is seen that Nike actually exists in order to ensure that the world is well supplied with quality equipment, shoes, apparels and other quality products. The focus of Nike is to bring a new reality to the world of athletics. In the same way, Nikeââ¬â¢s vision stresses on the aspect of people and profit and the need to implement sustainable principles within the market. The organization greatly appreciates the dynamic nature of the market and is therefore at the forefront in instituting the very changes that are almost imperative for its continued success. One major goal of the organization is always the creation of partnerships in the hope of adding value. In this regard , Nike UK has been a strong force in creating valuable partnerships with other organizations and the social media which has seen the creation of such brands like Nike. A combination of these vision, values and goals have been the core marketing formula for the organization. In this regard, the organization has seen much progress and success (Rigsby & Greco, 2003). Products Nike engages in the production of various types of sports equipment. The initial products were track running shoes. However, the company has greatly diversified its product line and manufactures shoes, shorts, jerseys and base layers for various types of sporting activities. The Nike Air Max was the initial shoe line introduced by the company back in 1987 and has remained popular for a long time. Some of the recent products introduced include Nike NYX, Nike SB and Nike 6.0 Shoes all for skateboarding. Similarly, the company launched a type of cricked shoes known as Air Zoom Yorker which are designed to be very eff ective and are actually 30% lighter than the competitors in the market (Katz, 2012). While Nike is majorly known for athletics products, it should be noted that the organization actually produces an assortment of products for basketball, combat sports, golf, football and many other sporting activities. In addition, the Nike brand has been very popular across the world in youth, hip hop and Chav jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8731258577646008135.post-36869831377044420722020-02-11T12:54:00.001-08:002020-02-11T12:54:02.598-08:00Product Life Cycle (Response 3) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsProduct Life Cycle (Response 3) - Assignment Example At the next level, is the life cycle of a specific product form ââ¬â iPhone 4 -- within this larger product category. Finally, is the brand product life cycle which is given an adjustable managerial approach to keep it in the market at its value. The observed trend in the case of iPhone 4 is expected because the individual brand is the focus of managementââ¬â¢s decisions(Hunt,2010). As marketing managers observe changes in the sales of their brands like in the case of iPhone 4, particularly if sales are perceived to be declining, changes are made in one or more elements of the marketing mix. These changes are focused towards offsetting, or reversing, sales declines. If successful, the declining sales trend always corrects itself, at least for a period of time. However, sales will again eventually decline and changes will again be made to some aspect of the marketing program (Hunt,2010). It should be apparent that these ongoing decisions to change elements of marketing programs will cause the trend or sales curves for individual brands to bounce around considerably. However, because the sales curves for many brands are summed to create the life cycle for the associated product form, and the curves for multiple product forms are summed to yield the life cycle for the entire product category, these latter two curves tend to be less erratic. This explains the consistency of iPhone 4 in its jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8731258577646008135.post-20205412930195592492020-02-04T23:15:00.001-08:002020-02-04T23:15:03.332-08:00How Entrepreneurial Firms from Developing Markets Are Using Unique Essay - 1How Entrepreneurial Firms from Developing Markets Are Using Unique Business Models and Strategies As They Transition Into Emerging Multinationals - Essay Example The paper tells that the developed world markets have experienced an influx of multinational companies or rather corporations (MNCs) with economies for countries such as Brazil, Indonesia, Mexico among others being among the key locations for growth in the near future. In the attempt to find a niche in these global markets, most of the MNCââ¬â¢s have concentrated their focus on the established and wealthy elite who rank top on the economic pyramid. This has given rise to an ââ¬Å"imperialistic form of a mindsetâ⬠where the existing products are sold to the established markets in the global markets. By the maintaining the focus on the affluent consumers and some partner-organizations who participated actively in the formal economy, it implied that much of general consumer capabilities were being taken for granted. Low-income markets also referred to as the base of the economic triangle offers both tremendous opportunities to tap despite the unique challenges. In the recent ye ars, entrepreneurial firms from developing markets seem to have noted a loophole in the global market that when capitalized on can aid in the tapping of the untapped sectors of the market. Tapping on the opportunities and challenges at the base of the economic pyramid. The opportunities linked with the market at the base of the economic pyramid are gradually becoming significant to both business managers and scholars. There is evidently more than meet the sight when considering the consumers having annual purchasing power parity of 1500 dollars or even less. In fact, any business trying to find its footage in a new environment is bound to face quite a number of challenges. As a business strategy for new global ventures, entrepreneurs have been turning on to partner organizations for resources and expertise they are lacking. Just as is the requirement by most governments, it becomes indispensable that the new entrants in the global market have a corporate partner in the host country who will ensure market accessibility in the new economies. Moreover, the entrepreneurial firms that are entering the base of the pyramid strata of the market economy have had to expand dramatically the field of potential alliance partners. jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8731258577646008135.post-5990169712680813312020-01-31T08:47:00.001-08:002020-01-31T08:47:04.899-08:00Teacher as Managers Essay Example for Free Teacher as Managers Essay There are five behavioral steps in the differentiation of the effective delegator and the ineffective delegator. In this case, the manager of a contracts group, Ricky Lee, who is part of a large regional office supply distributor realized his limitations in terms of capacity when he received a new assignment. Ricky lee knew he needed to delegate this assignment in order to meet his current project deadline and also meet the needs of his boss. The first step Ricky needs to do is assess his employees and determine who has demonstrated a clear understanding of negotiating contracts, and also who has proven excellent results in negotiating with manufacturers. When Ricky identifies an employee who has knowledge, and demonstrated success contract negotiation like his employee, Bill Harmon, Ricky needs to evaluate if Bills workload would allow him to take on a new project. The next step Ricky needs to do is have a private conversation with Bill and clearly outline the parameters and scope of this project. Ricky needs to make sure that Bill understands what is expected by clarifying and asking open-ended questions. Ricky needs to make sure Bill does not have any unanswered questions regarding the development of the departmentââ¬â¢s new procedures manual for negotiating contracts with office productââ¬â¢s manufacturers. Therefore, Ricky will allow Bill to participate in the decisions since he will be held accountable for this task. Ricky needs to clearly explain that this needs to be completed by the end of the month, and make sure that Bill feels comfortable and accepting of the time commitment. Ricky needs to make sure that Bill has the ability to work this project as he see fit, however his authority is limited to only the parameters of the project. Bills needs to understand this his authority to all other aspects of his job or the job of other works has not changed. Ricky needs to ensure that Bill understands and accepts that his range and discretion are limited to the scope of the project only. In allowing the employee to participate, Ricky must understand that Bill may have his personal self-interests and biases that may cause a potential problem in not committing fully or deterring him from taking on the delegation of the new assignment. Ricky will need to listen to learn and use open-ended questions to redirect the personal biases and self-interests. Some employees find themselves facing challenges because they immediately think about themselves and have a tendency to exhibit impartial judgment, which is not always fair in a workplace environment. Employees have to do whatââ¬â¢s right for them, but also remember that this is a business. When presenting open-ended questions, this provides Ricky the opportunity to answer all of Billââ¬â¢s questions or concerns in a positive manner. Ricky is able to provide Bill with all of the answers and support and even resources that Bill needs. For instance, if Bill says ââ¬Å"I do not have the the first written copy of the resource manual and I am not sure who has it. â⬠Ricky may respond, ââ¬Å"Well Bill, I have it in my office and I will commit to have it to you by 12pm. â⬠This provides Bill with the resource he needs and Ricky may ask some more open-ended questions using who, what, where, when, and why to get Bill to open up about any questions or concerns. Personal biases influence the way another person may think about a particular object, place, or person. The employees who are judgmental may focus on ways to degrade their peers or have difficulty in taking on a new task. This creates a negative culture and does not motivate a team to perform to its fullest. Many employees can see being bias in a workplace both negatively and positively. They are normally personal biases which are formed through a person that may have been predisposed during childhood, environment, through another personââ¬â¢s own biases without researching, and/or experiences. The Assignment that Bill Harmon has agreed to take on will outline the steps followed in negotiating contracts with office productsââ¬â¢ manufacturers who supply the organizationââ¬â¢s products. It is important to inform everyone involved of the delegation. Anne Zumwalt and any other managers that may be involved with this project or directly affected by the outcome will be informed of Billââ¬â¢s commitment to take on this new task. It is important that Ricky informs all employees affected by this delegation of Bill taking on this project and to inform employees on how much authority Bill has committed to. This provides a sense of pride and ownership over the project for Bill and he is fully aware that he will be held accountable for the end-product. When setting the parameters of this project with Bill it will be important to determine how Bill and Ricky will establish feedback channels. Bill must know how to communicate with Ricky about the project. It is important to know the stages that Bill may provide feedback to Ricky. Ricky should also inform Bill on how he intends on monitoring the project and how often he will be checking in. Bill should provide commitment and understanding on exact deadlines (end of the month on a specific date) and expectations. It is crucial that Bill knows if any problems should arise then Ricky should be contacted as soon as possible so they are able to work through it in the most proactive and efficient way. jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8731258577646008135.post-50413168148255481582020-01-27T19:37:00.001-08:002020-01-27T19:37:05.869-08:00Emergency Departments And Effects Of Non Urgent CasesEmergency Departments And Effects Of Non Urgent Cases Emergency Departments (EDs) are under increasing pressure and increases in numbers of patients deemed inappropriate or some which could be seen by alternative providers are all a burden on the ED and the health service in general. Over recent years there has seen an increase of attendances at EDs of more than 20% with the majority being primary care cases. Recent changes to the GP contracts in 2003 have also had an impact on increases in attendance to EDs. There is a potential saving of in excess of à £120 million if patients attended the appropriate health service provider either GPs, walk in centres or by self treating and asking a pharmacist. Patient education and good promotion of the Choose Well campaign could reduce these numbers and therefore do away with the need to have to potentially turn away non-urgent cases. Introduction EDs are under increasing pressure to deliver high quality care due to rising attendances. Over the period from 2007-2010 there has been an overall increase in attendance at EDs of England of 20.9%. There was an increase of 10.7% in attendance between the period 07/08 to 08/09 (12,318,051 attendances in 07/08 and 13,794,072 in 08/09) 11.4% increase between 08/09 and 09/10 (15,569736 attendances in the period 09/10). There have been numerous attempts to try and stem the rise in ED attendances including offering patients guidance, making them aware of the consequences and informing them of the alternative health services available. A GP ED Triage Pilot conducted by Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Sheffield General Practitioner Collaborative in March 20101 which was conducted to ensure patients were seen in the most appropriate location and by the most appropriate health care professional found that cases deemed to be actual primary care cases amounted to 19%. From this study it could be said that approximately 20% of attendees could potentially have been seen by a general practitioner in primary care rather than attending the ED but this is very small sample and many more studies would need to be carried out looking at different departments to be able to draw a more definitive conclusion. Applying 20% would therefore estimate that for the year 2009/10 in England approximately 3 million attendees were candidates for primary care. The estimated cost of seeing these patient in the ED based on the cost of à £56 for treating a minor ailment and à £75 for a standard (average cost à £65.50) totals à £196.5 million. Doctors consultations in primary care settings are the most cost effective part of the medical component of the NHS at à £15-à £30 (averaging à £22.50), GP consultations cost less than out-patients appointments, ED and ambulance calls (ambulance calls costing à £255 per patient). Therefore the cost of treating the 3 million potential primary care/GP patients in the GP setting would total à £67.5million which would save the NHS a potential à £129 million.2 These values are only for normal working hours. Most non-urgent cases actually occur out of hours which would actually increase this amount even further with even more potential savings. The above costings are currently being changed to new Health Care Resource (HRG) code costings which are slightly less which could reflect lower savings than those calculated.3,4 The choose well campaign North West estimated the national cost to the NHS of treating minor illnesses is à £2 billion a year.5 The new system will have 11 different HRG groups, opposed to the current three Groups. The new HRG codes mean you must code both investigations and treatments, as opposed to investigations alone6 (appendix 1). This review hopes to come to an understanding why these patients use the emergency department rather than GP surgeries, barriers to other forms of care and access to GP surgeries and therefore answering the question whether emergency departments should be able to turn away non-urgent cases. Other points which will be taken into account are the ethical dilemmas associated with potentially turning patients away and the potential repercussions of doing so. Method and literature review A search was performed using Lancaster Universitys metalib data base which searched Scopus, Springerlink, Science Direct and Ovid Medline and Pub Med data bases. After accounting for duplicates and reviewing titles and abstracts, papers were selected for review. Search criteria included the terms, non-urgent, emergency department, primary care. The date was initially limited to 1996 2010 but on further searches earlier articles were allowed in order to search for historical articles. The search was also limited to humans and English language. The Department of Health website and the Primary Care Foundation website were also used to find current legislation and data. Database Limits Results OVID Medline emergency department, non-urgent primary care year-1996-2010 humans, English 25 Pub Med 12 Springerlink 19 Science Direct 72 Why patients attend the emergency department There is no formal definition of what is deemed an appropriate attendee to the emergency department due to peoples own impressions of what they believe to be an emergency. This leads to inappropriate attenders who could have legitimately seen their own GP. The types of patient who attend inappropriately and their decisions to do so are complex and involve social, psychological and medical factors.7 Urgency is also a term which is difficult to define and to measure. Studies have been carried out which have measured urgency but there is such wide variation on what is deemed urgent the results are subjective. Due to this subjective nature when defining urgent it is important to be consistent and have appropriate and qualified medical professionals determining the urgency of a situation using set criteria. In an early study Lavenhar et al described an urgent problem as one that requires medical attention within a few hours.8 This definition is used in this review. It has also been found, what medical professionals deem as non-urgent is often not perceived the same in the patient and the urgency of the situation should be based on the presenting signs and symptoms and not the eventual final diagnosis.9 Patients have been seen to attend the ED for many reasons including, the following: They deemed their condition/illness to be appropriate for the ED They believed the GP would refer them anyway The GP surgery was too far to travel to The GP surgery was closed A friend or family member felt it appropriate For those patients who deemed their attendance to be appropriate for their illness or condition it would be very difficult to convince them otherwise and such patients generally attend the ED for reassurance that there condition is not serious and is not going to get any worse. Such patients also have high anxiety, and a sense of urgency and self diagnose yet have no formal medical knowledge.9-12 Those who believed that their GP would have referred them anyway thought they would cut out the middle man. The patients found to do this in a study carried out by Palmer et al deemed their condition to be bad enough and that their GP would refer them, and attending their GP prior to attending the ED would just be a waste of time13 this study also found that pain was a major factor patients took into consideration when deciding on where to attend. Pain itself being subjective and open to individual interpretation. Those that found the GP surgery to be too far to travel were patients who generally lived in rural areas where the distance to both GP and ED were significantly far away and patients therefore decided they may as well attend the ED rather than the GP to save time in the event that the GP would just refer them anyway. Those patients for whom the GP surgery was closed mainly attended out of hours or at weekends. These patients generally thought their condition was urgent and couldnt wait until the surgery reopened.11,12 For attendees who were advised by friends and family to attend the ED did so purely on this advice and the majority of which would not have done so without this advice. This included people advised by colleagues, first aiders and schools where responsibility for the patient was in someone elses hands and the person advising did so in order to protect themselves.12,13 Another major factor to consider when looking at why patients attend the ED is the decision making capabilities of the patients themselves. This would include social, psychosocial and medical factors. Padgett and Brodsky14 proposed a three stage model which outlined how the stages of decision making interacted between the three different stages within the model. The three factors were predisposing, enabling and need. The decision making stages being recognising the problem, deciding to seek treatment and the decision on where to get the treatment. Predisposing factors which are part of stage one included the age, sex, race, level of education, family and social support available. The enabling factors, stage 2 were the income of the patient, usual source of care, proximity of the source of care and the perceived accessibility of this care source and the factors contributing to the need, stage three, were symptom recognition, evaluation of need, level of distress and psychiatric co-morbidity. Padgett and Brodskys three stage model14 Barriers to Care The above predisposing factors are also forms of barriers to care and are dealt with by patients in many different ways. Patient education would be a major tool for breaking down such barriers.11 This is the aim of a local and national campaign called Choose Well. This is a campaign that is supported by the NHS and its staff and aims to ensure people who need advice and treatment for common complaints, get fast and expert care.5 The North West has seen an increase of 177,000 patients in the ED over the last two years and hoped the Choose Well campaign would reduce this over the winter of 2010/11. The North West NHS estimated that 1 in 4 ED attendances were due to patients who could have self treated or could have been seen by other health professionals elsewhere. Offering guidance in both GP surgeries and EDs would give patients the information for themselves to determine the urgency of their condition. This information could include what definitely should be seen at the ED and what definitely shouldnt. Where this is a good idea and has the potential to work well however it could potentially cause patients with urgent problems to believe that they are non-urgent therefore putting them at risk of harm. On the other hand it could also cause some patients to deem themselves urgent and attend the ED when they were initially happy to attend their GP practice adding to the non-urgent caseload. The Choose Well campaign briefly describes the types of conditions that should attend the ED as an emergency and gives contact numbers for patients to ring in order to get further information on where is best for them to attend. This may be difficult for some patients; particularly the elderly as navigating around a website may be difficult or impossible and at a time when you are not well or believe to be in an emergency situation this could be valuable time needed for treatment. It does however offer valuable advice for minor injuries and illnesses known not to be life or limb threatening and could possibly eliminate the need for these patients to enter the health service at all reducing overall numbers and costs. Does Choose Well make a difference? The Choose Well campaign North West sent out a survey (appendix 1) to determine the number of people who had made alternative decisions to attending the ED and whether the messages from the campaign had reached the local people. The survey results are not yet available but Merseyside NHS was successful in increasing the level of awareness amongst the people of Merseyside of the range of NHS services available to them over the winter of 2008 with 94,547 people using NHS Walk in centres in Merseyside, a rise of 18% from the year before and there was a drop in AE attendance of 6.4%, compared to the previous winter yet they still had high attendances to the ED with up to half of these potentially of the type that could have been treated by more appropriate NHS services.15à Many patients do not realise that there are cost implications and differences in cost between EDs and GPs and believe that it makes no difference whether they visit as all they want is a diagnosis regardless of who gives it to them.16 Many do not visit their GPs because of the appointment systems in place, and they are often unable to make an appointment and are therefore more willing to wait around in the ED where they are guaranteed to be seen rather than wait for an appointment at their GP practice. It has also been noted that when patients were unable to see their regular GP and were offered an appointment to see an alternative the decision was made to attend the ED rather than see the alternative.17,18 The opening hours of primary care facilities also do not satisfy the needs of some patients, those who work during the day may not be able to take time off from their daily activities to attend appointments which are set at the discretion of the GP practice rather than at the discretion of the patient such as in the evening, during the night and at weekends. Repeat attendees of the ED are found to make up a large proportion of cases. In a report by NHS Manchester19 who had registered 230,000 attendances per year at its three main sites showed that 13% of these attendances were frequent attendees (patients who attended the ED four or more times in a six month period) with the average number of times a frequent attender being 5.7 times. The report also suggested that this was inappropriate use of the ED and that patients needs were not being met by primary care providers. They decided to increase performance by putting in place best practice which was to include devising computer software that would identify the frequent attenders and allow GPs to see who they where so that they can make contact with the patients and inform them about their inappropriate use of the ED. The patients were sent letters stating key messages on the use of the ED and an information leaflet. The pro-forma letter which read An AE department is often not the best p lace to receive care for non-urgent problems or those that will need ongoing treatment. They do not have your medical records which included information about other medical problems both past and present, investigations, regular medication, and any allergies to medication. Not having this information can compromise the treatment you receive. The enclosed leaflet contains information about services other than AE departments which are available to you. à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦.AE departments should be used when the problem is an accident or requires emergency treatment. We would request that you contact the surgery first when you have a health problem that requires some advice and/or treatment.19 This intervention was found in one GP practice to reduce the number of repeat attenders by 20%19 even though studies have shown that this would be the number of frequent attenders that would over time stop attending anyway without any form of intervention.20,21 In order to validate the results found the intervention should be compared between surgeries with some surgeries having intervention and some not having the intervention. GP services within the ED There has been an increase in the number of primary care doctors in EDs or based closely to EDs over recent years. This has been found to decrease the numbers of non-urgent cases seeking ED treatment in favour of a GP and has also reduced the number of unnecessary admissions to hospital. This sort of initiative requires team work and close working partnerships with both EDs and GPs which at times has be proven to be tricky due to differences in culture and beliefs. The primary Care Foundation has carried out research commissioned by the Department of Health, the study, which was carried out in May 2009, looked at different models of primary care across England practising within and alongside EDs. The number of patients deemed to be primary care patients were identified. It found that around half of all EDs did in actual fact have some form of primary care presence working within the ED and that between 10% and 30% of attendees were classified as primary care candidates.22 Discussion Ethical dilemma of turning patients away The four principles of ethics developed by Beauchamp and Childress23 must be taken into account when coming to a decision as to whether to turn patients away from the ED. The 4 principles approach takes into account that whatever our personal beliefs, philosophy, moral theory or life stance the care of patients is the most important factor. It could be said that turning patients away from the ED was going against the ethics of the health service in that it is considered freely accessible to all at any time. The Four Ethical Principles Autonomy Patients must be respected and must not be deceived and must be given adequate information. If patients are turned away then they are not given all the required information regarding their condition. Even though they would be advised to see their GP they may not do so. Beneficence and non-maleficence It may be seen as causing the patient harm by turning them away, they may suffer further pain or psychological trauma by not being seen. Justice Justice or fairness may be breached if patients are turned away. The health service is free at the point of entry and patients that are turned away may feel as if they are being denied care or treatment, even though they would be offered it at their GP practice for some this may not be possible or an option therefore denying them any form of care at all. Conclusion From the articles and documents reviewed it can be seen that non-urgent attendees at the ED are a drain on public funds and a time of economic instability and when there is a keen focus on service cuts and delivering value for money. In spite of the evidence and from reviewing articles I feel that it could potentially be detrimental to the health and well being of patients if they were to be turned away from the ED for non-urgent or minor conditions that could be seen in general practice. Turning them away could make them stop seeking medical treatment and could make them lose faith in the health service altogether. I believe that more patient education and greater access to GPs and primary care health professionals is what is required in order to reduce the numbers and therefore the cost of treating such patients. It is not the duty of the treating professional to determine the perceived severity of illness or injury a patient attends with but to offer them the care and support they need in order for them to continue their lives as they would like to. It is however the duty of health professionals to educate their patients and offer support on how they should deal with such illnesses and injuries so as not to have to attend or re-attend the ED. This could come in the form of information leaflets or just by talking to the patients and finding out their reasons for attending the ED rather than GPs and how things can be put in to place and organised for future patients to overcome the barriers to other forms of care. In 2003/4 there was a change in the GP contracts, following this there was an increase in ED attendances. The new contracts made changes to the after-hours access to GPs and allowed GPs to opt out of this area of care, this then resulted in the increase of after-hours presentations to the ED of GP cases.24 So in order to increase access there would need to be more GPs not opting out of the after-hours work or changing the contracts to omit the option to opt out of such. Even though there are provisions such as walk in centres and out-of-hours services people attend the ED, this could be due to the unfamiliarity of such places and lack of knowledge of the facilities available. More patient education and promotion of such centres would be required to ensure they are made aware to everyone in the event of requiring such services. Also the integration of primary and secondary care could help improve services for everyone by bringing GPs into the EDs and from a closer working partnership. Appendix 1 HRG code HRG name Band AE tariff (à £) VB01Z Any investigation with category 5 treatment 1 183 VB02Z Category 3 investigation with category 4 treatment 1 183 VB03Z Category 3 investigation with category 1-3 treatment 2 133 VB04Z Category 2 investigation with category 4 treatment 2 133 VB05Z Category 2 investigation with category 3 treatment 2 133 VB06Z Category 1 investigation with category 3-4 treatment 3 78 VB07Z Category 2 investigation with category 2 treatment 4 110 VB08Z Category 2 investigation with category 1 treatment 4 110 VB09Z Category 1 investigation with category 1-2 treatment 3 78 VB10Z Dental Care 5 52 VB11Z No investigation with no significant treatment 5 52 HRG codes and tariffs6 Appendix 2 North West Choose Well Survey If you or a family member had a minor illness or injury (for example a sore throat, backache, cough or cold), which is the first NHS service you would use for advice and treatment? (Please select one answer) Y/N Y/N Pharmacy Minor Injuries Unit GP/Doctor Look for advice on the internet Phone NHS Direct or look on their website Dial 999 NHS Walk-in Centre Go to AE Urgent Care Centre None of the above, I would look after myself Other, please state below If your first choice service was unavailable, which other NHS service would you contact next? (Please select one answer) Y/N Y/N Pharmacy Minor Injuries Unit GP/Doctor Look for advice on the internet Phone NHS Direct or look on their website Dial 999 NHS Walk-in Centre Go to AE Urgent Care Centre None of the above, I would look after myself Other, please state below If you are a parent or carer for children under 16 years of age, please complete questions 3 4. Otherwise go straight to question 5. Which age group are your children in? Y/N Y/N 0 4 years 10 13 years 5 9 years 14 16 years If your children had a minor illness or injury (for example a temperature, a sore throat, cough or cold, a small cut or a sprain), which is the first NHS service you would use for advice and treatment? (Please select one) Y/N Y/N Pharmacy Minor Injuries Unit GP/Doctor Look for advice on the internet Phone NHS Direct or look on their website Dial 999 NHS Walk-in Centre Go to AE Urgent Care Centre None of the above, I would look after myself Other, please state below 5. If you have selected AE or 999 in answer to questions 1, 2 or 4 above, please answer this question. Otherwise go straight to question 6. If you have selected AE or 999 in answer to questions 1, 2 or 4 above, can you tell us why you would make this choice? (Select as many as apply) Y/N Y/N You will receive the best quality care and advice You know that you are guaranteed to be treated You will be seen quicker than any other service The AE is closest to where you live You do not know where else to go In the past your GP sent you to your AE or told you to call 999 You would have chosen a GP, but are not registered with one In the past you were told to go to AE or to call 999 by another health service, e.g. pharmacy/NHS Direct You would have chosen a GP, but it is difficult to get an appointment Other, please state below Which of the following services do you currently use your local pharmacist store for? (Select as many as apply) Y/N Y/N Picking up a prescription Advice if your child has a high temperature Advice and treatment for a headache Advice and treatment for backache and other aches pains Advice and treatment for an upset stomach Advice and treatment for a urine infection Advice and treatment for treating coughs, colds flu Contraceptive advice Other, please state below Did you know that your local pharmacist store provides a confidential consultation area? Yes/No Did you know that your local pharmacist can offer you confidential advice and treatment without an appointment? Yes/No Would you consider using your local pharmacist for any of the following? (Select as many as apply) Y/N Y/N Contraceptive advice Advice if your child has a high temperature Advice and treatment for a headache Advice and treatment for backache and other aches pains Advice and treatment for an upset stomach Advice and treatment for a urine infection Advice and treatment for treating coughs, colds flu Other, please state below Do you know where to find information about late night and weekend opening hours for your local pharmacist? Yes/No Choose Well is an NHS campaign that aims to help people in the North West to understand which NHS service to use if they need fast and effective treatment for minor illnesses and ailments; and how to use 999 and AE services appropriately. Have you heard of the Choose Well campaign? Yes/No If yes go to Q 12; if no go to Q 13 Where have you seen or heard about the Choose Well campaign? (Select as many as apply) Y/N Y/N Local newspaper Local news websites PCT website Community radio Local radio Life Channel (GP TV) Bus advert Leaflet Signs on ambulances Other posters Word of mouth (someone mentioned it to you) Other, please state below Have you heard any of the following messages? Tick as many as appropriate. The number of people using AE and 999 services is continuing to rise One out of every four people who go to AE could have either treated themselves at home, or used another local NHS service You can get three free text messages, with details of your three nearest pharmacies by texting pharmacy to 64746 Your local pharmacy provides expert, convenient advice and treatment for minor ailments AE and 999 services are for life-threatening and serious conditions such as heart-attacks, strokes, breathing problems and serious accidents Get the right NHS treatment As a result of seeing these messages, if you or a member of your family has a minor illness or ailment are you less likely or more likely to use the following services (please select as appropriate). Less Likely More Likely Your local pharmacy Your local GP NHS Walk-in Centre or similar service Minor Injuries Unit Urgent Care Centre NHS Direct NHS Choices Website AE 999 To help us to get our campaign right, it would be really helpful if you could give us some information about yourself. Which age group do you fall in to? Y/N Y/N Y/N 16 19 40 49 70 79 20 29 50 59 80 89 30 39 60 69 90+ Gender please delete as appropriate Male Female Please could you tell us the first part of your postcode e.g. M22 or SK6 Ethnicity Please can you select the group that best describes your ethnic background White Y/N Y/N English/Welsh/Scottish/Northern Irish/British Irish Gypsy or Traveller Other, please give details Mixed/Multiple Ethnic Groups Y/N Y/N White and Black Caribbean White and Asian White and Black African Other, please give details Asian/Asian British Y/N Y/N Indian Bangladeshi Pakistani Chinese Other, please give details Black/African/Caribbean/Black British Y/N Y/N African Caribbean Other, please give details Other Ethnic Y/N Y/N Arab Other, please give details Thank you for your time we really appreciate your help. If you are willing to help us to develop this project further, please fill in your contact details below Name Address Tel. No. Email address Taken directly from the Choose Well questionnaire5 jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8731258577646008135.post-58482515813053961012020-01-23T05:11:00.001-08:002020-01-23T05:11:02.886-08:00Essay --James Eagan Holmes didnââ¬â¢t let six-year-old Veronica Moser-Sullivan out of that movie theatre that fateful night. Daniel Parmentors mom didnââ¬â¢t get a chance to say goodbye to him because of T.J. Lane. Mary Sherlackââ¬â¢s husband will not set the table for her after Adam Lanza entered her school. The actions of those three shooters were not to cause such small but widespread repercussions for so many other mourning people. They all suffered from various mental illnesses. 79% of recent shootings are attributable to mental illnesses. The U.S. should re-evaluate gun screenings to decrease the odds of another mass shooting by not allowing anyone with any mental or psychological problem to own or possess a firearm. While the Constitution states that everyone has the right to bear arms, the present situation is different from that past, when relations with Great Britain were shaky. Secondly, gun violence is on the rise, with 46 school shootings since 2010, compared with only 40 from 2000 to 2010. Finally, if gun screenings are modified, there will be many jobs available, while contributing to national security at the same time. Many gun owner argue that since the Constitution gives everyone the right to bear arms, that we should obey the law and allow everyone to own guns. While this is true, it does not mention that it was over a different time period that the law was passed. During that time period, relations with Great Britain were shaky, and the U.S. government wanted to ensure that each citizen would be able to defend themselves. It was essential that the country to be armed so that a part of it could not be taken over by another country that would have been greedy for power. Guns also made people feel safer, and therefore loyal to the... ...A lot of money? Yes it is. But that does not have tobe that only big change made by the government. If a fee of 50$ to own a single gun for a year was introduced, then the U.S. could make the U.S lots of money to pay for the program, and they would turn a profit at the same time.ââ¬Å"Thereââ¬â¢s no perfect estimate of firearms in the U.S. because creating a national registry of firearms is prohibited by federal law,â⬠noted Alex Katz, a spokesman for Mayors Against Illegal Guns. ââ¬Å"But academics and interest groups across the political spectrum broadly agree on the 300 million figure.â⬠And if the estimates that Katz gave are accurate, then the U.S. could have 15 billion dollars rolling in at the same time, and after staff expenses are paid, they can make nearly 2.5 billion dollars per year. This price tag that comes with the guns could even discourage some potential gunbuyers. jackiestev38http://www.blogger.com/profile/06283133404332380966noreply@blogger.com0